| 摘要: |
| 健康城市建设作为对“城市病”蔓延
的积极响应，引起全人类的共同关注。从系
统论视角，剖析城市系统发展的生命周期现
象，揭示了健康城市建设的生命周期特征；
以此为基础，探讨了面向健康城市的全生命
周期的主动式规划干预方法，即，提出了外部
扰动期、持续反馈期、自耦合调节期健康城
市建设的关键主动式规划干预路径。外部扰
动期的主动式规划干预是通过监管土地扩
张和预控人口迁移，主动切断与阻隔外部扰
动源；持续反馈期的主动式规划干预是通过
诊断和评估城市生态环境、经济环境和社会
环境的变化，实时识别系统运转状态；自耦
合期的主动式规划干预是通过修复城市发展
引发的突出问题，包括循环利用城市废水，
减少空气颗粒物、减缓热岛效应，提升城市
系统的自我调节能力。 |
| 关键词: 健康城市 系统健康 生命周期 规
划干预 综述 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200507 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目 (51478057)；重庆大学
“重庆市研究生科研创新项目”（CYB19052）；重
庆大学“重庆市研究生科研创新项目”(CYB20034) |
|
| Active Planning Intervention Paths for Healthy Cities from the Perspective of Life Cycle |
|
HE Qixiao,TAN Shaohua
|
| Abstract: |
| With the rapid expansion of urban population and the rapid development of urbanization,
“urban diseases” such as air pollution, energy shortage, water quality deterioration and traffic
congestion are becoming increasingly serious, which are seriously endangering the health of all
mankind. As an effective means to cure the urban disease, healthy city construction has aroused the
common concern of mankind. In the international healthy city movement actively, starting from the
theoretical level of planning to explore the healthy city system framework, construction level, focus
and direction, active prevention of various chronic diseases of the significant role, Chinese planners
have done a lot of researches to realize healthy cities. It is worth noting that due to the insufficient
attention to the city as a system of the influence of the operation of the law, the study of healthy city
construction lack of the overall system thinking.
From the perspective of system theory, the paper analyzes the life cycle phenomenon of urban
system development. Urban systems do not always develop in an orderly manner. With external
interference or endogenous qualitative changes, the whole life cycle will be replaced. When a city
develops to a certain stage, it will experience different degrees of “urban disease”. The occurrence
of “urban disease” will stimulate the endogenous feedback regulation mechanism of the system,
and the feedback will have a minimum impact on the system in time, so as to move towards “urban
rehabilitation” and complete a virtuous cycle. Improper feedback results in maximized decomposition of
the system and leads to “urban development disorder”.
The construction of healthy cities should focus on the characteristics of three important stages in
the whole life cycle to realize a virtuous cycle. The first stage is called the external disturbance stage
in which the urban system suffers external disturbance, from “orderly urban development” to the
emergence of “urban disease”. At this stage, the urban system is continuously disturbed by the external
environment, which leads to the shift from the steady state of the system to the abnormal state, and
finally the migration of the internal steady state. The second stage is called the continuous feedback
stage, the city system of which experienced from “urban disease” to “urban rehabilitation”. In this stage,
in order to avoid the overall collapse of the system, subsystems feedback the imbalance of each other.
In accordance with the principle of minimizing the impact, subsystems assist each other to balance,
and then give feedback until the overall system tends to be stable. The third stage is called the self-
coupling adjustment stage, the city system of which experienced from “urban rehabilitation” to “orderly
development”. In this stage, based on the continuous feedback of the subsystem, the system as a whole
adjusts the combination mode of the subsystem according to the inertia of self-coupling until the system
operation efficiency reaches the highest level to avoid falling into collapse again.
In order to realize the life-cycle characteristics of healthy cities, urban and rural planning should
comprehensively consider the progressive relationship of the whole cycle from “urban disease” to “urban rehabilitation” to “urban orderly development”, and establish corresponding planning intervention paths at different stages. Based on this, this paper discusses
the active planning intervention methods for the whole life cycle of healthy cities, that is, the key active planning intervention paths for healthy city construction
in three important stages.
The problem in the external disturbance stage is mainly caused by urban encroachment on nature and short-term explosive migration of population.
Cutting off and blocking disturbance sources and using planning policies and tools to monitor and pre-control land use and population size are the key planning
paths in this stage.
The problem in the continuous feedback stage is how to grasp the imbalance of the urban system. The first exposed imbalance phenomenon is the change
of the urban environment, including the urban ecological environment, economic environment and social environment. The key planning path of this stage is to
timely identify the operating state of the system and regularly diagnose and evaluate the ecological services, traffic impact and social benefits of the city.
The problem in the self-coupling regulation period is how to improve the efficiency of urban system operation and avoid the recurrence of urban disease.
The key planning path at this stage is to actively enhance self-regulation ability, and to repair and mitigate the prominent problems brought to mankind by urban
system development, including urban wastewater, increase of atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) and negative impact of heat island effect, by adjusting and
optimizing the existing urban spatial layout. |
| Key words: Healthy City System Health Life Cycle Planning Intervention Review |
