| 摘要: |
| 本研究将空间形态特征与空间活力
值进行关联性分析，筛选出4个在“行为—感
知”框架下具有研究意义的空间形态特征指
标；将心理物理学理论引入建筑学领域，将
老年使用者的空间心理感知评价值与空间形
态特征值进行曲线拟合发现：天空开阔度、
空间通视度与老年人的空间形态特征感知
评价值之间呈对数函数关系，符合对数定
律，可以成为今后衡量老年人对住区户外公
共空间心理感知的形态量化指标。这将为城
市住区户外公共空间的适老优化提供基础数
据支撑与更为科学严谨的研究方法。 |
| 关键词: 老年人感知 城市住区户外公共空
间 形态特征 量化研究 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200508 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（51978442） |
|
| Quantitative Study on Elderly’s Perception of Public Space Morphological Characteristicsin Urban Residential Neighborhoods |
|
LU Shan,WANG Lijun
|
| Abstract: |
| In the past 10 years, a considerable attention had been paid to the interrelationship between
physical environment and human perception, cognition, preference and behavior. Public space in
urban residential neighborhoods is an important place to shape the elderly’s healthy lifestyle and
social interaction activities. Good quality of the elderly’s spatial perception of outdoor public space
in residential areas will play a crucial role in their use efficiency and behavioral choice. However, the
stimulation of “physical environment” to “psychological perception” is a process of human perception
of objective environment. Different forms and scales of space will lead to differences in users’ spatial
perception, which also makes the users have different experiences and feelings for space morphology.
This study established the research framework of “behavior-psychological perception” of the public
space in existing urban residential neighborhoods by introducing the theory of psychophysics. The
research on spatial morphology from the perspective of spatial perception was more based on the
characteristics of users’ visual perception to obtain the most intuitive spatial information, including
geometric and topological features, and six indexes were selected. In order to obtain the perception
characteristics of the elderly in the outdoor public space in the residential areas, the study did a series of
field survey in Tianjin and conducted open questionnaire survey among 56 interviewees. The research
on spatial morphology from the perspective of spatial perception was more based on the characteristics
of users’ visual perception to obtain the most intuitive spatial information, including geometric and
morphological characteristics. For the research of selecting the most related morphological index,
the study used SPSS 20.0 software for correlation analysis between vitality and each morphological
characteristics indexes. The result showed that the vitality index of residential outdoor public space is
highly correlated with the “sky view factor”, “visible ratio”, “D/H index”, and “the depth value index”.
Therefore, these four indexes were selected for curve fitting analysis in this study. In order to further
explore the stimulus measure and the elderly’s psychological perception, the study did survey targeting
the elderly who remain in the public space for 10 minutes or more. The seven-level Likert was used to
evaluate the four psychological perceptions of the public space, namely, the sense of shading, the sense
of space openness, the sense of visibility and the degree of convenience. The results showed that, the sky
view factor index had a positive effect on the evaluation of spatial shade perception, which means that
the larger the sky view factor the better evaluation of spatial perception. After the sky view factor index
reached at 0.63, the spatial shade perception evaluation grew slowly. The power function relationship
between the D/H and the spatial openness perception was slightly stronger than that between the linear
and logarithmic function. However, the fitting curve of each function was relatively close, and the fitting result was not ideal. The spatial visible ratio and the spatial visibility evaluation turned out to be the power function relationship, which reflected the index of
spatial visible ratio was the most important factor influencing the space visibility, and when the spatial visible ratio was under 0.18, the perception of spatial
visibility evaluation continued to be zero, after that, the evaluation increased gradually. Last but not the least, the power function relation between the spatial
depth value and the perceived evaluation of spatial convenience was stronger than the logarithmic and the linear function relation. However, from the perspective
of the scatter diagram, the ideal fitting effect cannot be obtained due to the limited amount of observation space and the unclear subsequent change law of the
scatter. This study will provide basic data support and more scientific research results for the optimization of outdoor public space in urban residential areas. |
| Key words: Elderly Perception Public Space of Urban Residential Neighborhood Morphological Characteristics Quantitative Study |
