| 摘要: |
| 在当今大学校园开放性与使用者密
度增加的情况下，机动车与人行交通的矛盾
日益凸显，校园步行交通环境也因此受到更
多关注。本研究从道路交通基础条件、机动
车动静交通情况及使用者评价三方面构建校
园步行环境评价方法，注重整体与局部、动
态与静态、环境与心理多维度之间的关联关
系。并以天津大学卫津路校区为例，收集并
分析路网连通性、车流量规律、设施分布、
道路宽度与路径可达性、使用者行为特征等
基础数据，采用问卷、深度访谈等方式，遴
选出10个校园步行环境影响要素，构建基于
主成分分析法构建步行环境量化评价算法；
根据评价结果，提出低干预度的分级校园步
行环境优化建议，以期为校园步行环境提升
提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 大学校园 步行环境 主成分分析法 评价方法 优化建议 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200413 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:住房和城乡建设部课题（S122018003）；国家自然
科学基金青年项目（51708396）；住房和城乡建设
部老旧住区改造项目（2017-K10-005） |
|
| Evaluation of University Campus Walking Environment Based on Principal ComponentAnalysis |
|
DU Yawei,QI Peng,YE Qing
|
| Abstract: |
| The walking environment of university campuses plays an important role in the
daily life of teachers and students. Walking is one of the dominant modes of transport in
university campuses, which brings many benefits to people’s mental and physical health.
Advocating the lifestyle of walking on campus also serves as a boon for creating low-carbon
and more sustainable campuses. With the increase in user density and public openness, the
safety, convenience, and comfort of the walking environment in university campuses have
seriously deteriorated. Therefore, it is of practical significance to evaluate the on-campus
walking environment and to find the main problems to be addressed. Campuses emerge as
good examples for identifying and solving problems in terms of walking environment. The
definite boundary and single ownership make it easier to control and set rules to make positive
changes. What’s more, both the relatively steady daily routine and the walking behavior of
teachers and students help to present the patterns of traffic flow.
Previous research has shed light on quantifying the quality of the waking environment
from both city and campus levels. The influencing factors have been extracted from the
following three aspects: safety, convenience, and comfort. The key influencing factors of
walking environment, ranging from built environment, user behavior, dynamic and static
traffic conditions, microclimate, socioeconomics, have resulted in many findings from
cross-sectional research. Much emphasis has been placed on the relationship between built
environment and user behavior. However, the link between built environment and user
satisfaction is still to be discussed. With the ever-growing attention on the on-campus walking
environment, the cross-sectional analysis becomes the focus of domestic and foreign research.
To better understand the main problems and their distributions in terms of on-campus
walking environment, this research works out a method to evaluate the on-campus walking
environment from the perspective of users, and identifies the relationship between user
satisfaction and physical environment. The key influencing factors were collected by means
of literature review and open questionnaires from the three aspects: basic characteristics of
road, dynamic and static traffic conditions, and evaluation of users, striking a balance between
the whole and the part, the dynamic and the static conditions, as well as the environmental and psychological factors. With the Weijin Road Campus of Tianjin University as an example, data was collected through on-site surveys,
questionnaires, and in-depth interviews. A total of 527 valid questionnaires were collected from 7 cross-quota sampling surveys. Firstly, the
basic characteristics of walking paths, such as road connectivity, traffic flow, distribution of facilities, and accessibility were analyzed to get
an overview of on-campus traffic conditions. Secondly, 10 influencing factors were selected to develop a walking-environment evaluation
algorithm based on the method of principal component analysis from the user’s value. Thirdly, the 267 on-campus walking paths were evaluated
quantitatively by means of this method, and then the results were presented in ArcGIS.
The results showed that most walking paths were at moderate or higher comfort levels, but there were still some uncomfortable areas,
including the main campus roads with heavy traffic and on-street parking, paths to canteens, intersections of main roadways. 2% of the paths
which were extremely uncomfortable needed to be upgraded urgently. 28% of the paths were poor in quality, with more than two aspects to
be improved. 53% of the paths were at a moderate level of comfort. 3% of the paths were excellent in quality, with beautiful scenery and well-
equipped road facilities. Based on the results of path evaluation, the research proposed suggestions for optimizing walking environment in a
hierarchical manner from the perspectives of user need and general traffic flow.
Taking the Tianjin University Weijin Road Campus as an example, with the basic characteristics of campus traffic, the method of principal-
component analysis is adopted for systematic evaluation of the on-campus walking environment. It is found that irregular parking has the greatest
impact on the walking environment, followed by such factors as motor traffic, electric traffic, bicycle traffic, street light and other facilities, as
well as accessibility of walking paths. In conclusion, evaluating from the user’s perspective is an efficient strategy to identify and find solutions
to campus walking environment problems. |
| Key words: University Campus Walking Environment Principal Component Analysis Evaluation Methods Optimizing Suggestion |
