| 摘要: |
| 自2010年震后，玉树藏族传统民居
为外界人们所熟知，随着玉树地区的重建,
现代城市建筑文化被引入，导致当地藏族传
统民居日益遭到侵蚀而锐减，民居文化的传
承面临危机。本文从营建技艺的角度，运用
类型学的方法，对玉树地区通天河流域和南
部囊谦县典型藏族传统民居的墙体进行测
绘、分析、归纳，旨在首先为玉树地区藏族民
居墙体营造技艺研究提供重要的基础性资
料，其次为当地建筑文化传承和新地域建筑
的创作提供理论参考，并为全国范围内民居
营建技艺的研究提供一种研究方法。 |
| 关键词: 玉树地区 地域性 藏族传统民
居 墙体类型 营建技艺 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200312 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（51678466）；国家重
点研发计划子课题（2017YFC0702404-01） |
|
| Study on the Construction Technology of Traditional Tibetan Dwellings of Yushu Region |
|
ZHANG Qun,LI Shaopeng,WANG Qing,CHENG Hui
|
| Abstract: |
| Since the 2010 earthquake, the traditional Tibetan dwellings of Yushu region in a
specific natural environment and social environment have been known to the outside world.
It contains a unique wisdom of construction technology. Under the background of rapid
urbanization, with the reconstruction of Yushu region, a lot of modern urban architectural
culture and technology were introduced, and thus there is many problems copying the urban
architectural form and breaking-off lost the national and regional culture. Consequently,
it leads to the sharp decrease of the traditional Tibetan dwellings in Yushu region, and the
inheritance of the traditional Tibetan dwellings culture is facing a crisis in Yushu region.
Therefore, it is the target to seek the junction between new technology, new form and
traditional architectural culture, and the research on traditional residential architectural
techniques in Yushu region is core.
This paper takes traditional Tibetan dwellings of Yushu region as the research object, and
takes coverage and typicality as the principle. From the perspective of construction technology,
using typology, this paper selects wall of the typical Tibetan dwellings located in the Tongtian
River basin of Yushu region and Nangqian region as typical cases of study. Firstly, it states
the background of traditional Tibetan dwellings of Yushu based on literature research and
field research, and summarizes building types of the wall according to the mapping drawing.
Secondly, we study on the construction technology of traditional Tibetan dwellings of Yushu
region from material of wall, type of wall, form of construction and node of construction
aspects, and analyze categorization by using typology. It contains: 1) the wall material is
divided into stone, raw soil and wood, which is divided into eight categories, too. And their
characteristics are analyzed; 2) according to the building materials and combination methods,
the wall is divided into two categories: single material wall and composite material wall, and
contains seven minor ones. 3) study the construction methods of seven kinds of wall in detail
from masonry method, material combination and wall structure, and analysis the principle,
advantages and disadvantages of each one. 4) through surveying and mapping for foundation,
cornice, parapet and opening of doors and windows, it summarizes the typical construction
mode. Then, this paper analyzes the environmental adaptability of the construction
technology of traditional Tibetan dwellings of Yushu region from the adaptability of natural
environment and human environment, and summarizes the appropriate ecological technology
on construction techniques. Finally, the results showed that 1) the construction technology
of traditional Tibetan dwellings of Yushu region show the diversity of masonry methods, the particularity of building materials and architectural forms. 2) Although type of the wall are diverse, but there are regular, and features of the wall
show commonness and difference. 3) The wall presents the characteristics of the cultural fusion, which takes on the form of superposition in the
construction area, and construction technique is a bridge of cultural fusion.
The purpose of this study is to provide important basic materials for the study of Tibetan dwellings’ construction technology of Yushu
region and to enrich the database of the research on Tibetan folk houses. Secondly, it provides a theoretical reference for the inheritance of local
architectural culture and the creation of new regional architecture, and provides a research method for the research on the construction techniques
of residential buildings nationwide. |
| Key words: Yushu Region Regionality Traditional Tibetan Dwellings Types of Wall Construction Technology |
