| 摘要: |
| 氛围是介于主客体之间的空间
感受，人们首先通过氛围来体验建筑。以
SANAA建筑中的氛围为研究对象，依据赫
尔曼·施密茨新现象学中的氛围研究，借助其
中的情景共建、联觉特性，以及运动暗示理
论，分别从建筑特征、行为体验、设计意识
三个层面，解读SANAA营造氛围的思想，剖
析其建筑中氛围的营造取决于活动场景、建
造方式，以及空间节奏。探索新现象学在建
筑设计中的实践方法，进而帮助鲜活的氛围
回归到建筑中。 |
| 关键词: SANAA 新现象学 氛围 情景 联觉特性 运动暗示 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200311 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Establishment of Atmosphere in SANAA’s Architecture: An Interpretation Through NewPhenomenology |
|
TIAN Yingzhen,LYU Junjie,SHEN Xiaoyi
|
| Abstract: |
| Atmosphere is spatial cognition between subject and object, and people experience
architecture through atmosphere in the first place. Architectural atmosphere has the
fundamental traits of atmosphere, it is innovated by perceptible qualities in space, and thus
establishing the link between people and architecture. The establishment of atmosphere is
one of the straight targets of architecture designing. SANAA have built architecture where
people can feel the atmosphere, and creating the experience of “perception” is their senior
expression than the level of explicit control on place and construction. This kind of expression
goes over style and figure, which can be seen as a spiritual pursuer rather than materialistic
and technologic needs. So, the study on SANAA’s architecture should be put further to the area
of architectural experience. At the same time, more attention should be paid on atmosphere.
However, architectural atmosphere derives from reality, and almost all the perceptible
factors may take part in establishing it. As a result, atmosphere often comes out obscurely.
Phenomenology provides effective tools for researching the establishment of atmosphere.
Especially the New Phenomenology raised by Herman Schmitz. He stated that co-construction
of scenes, synesthesia and motion suggestion are the ways to generate atmosphere. From this
viewpoint, the atmosphere itself becomes the link belt between New Phenomenology and
SANAA’s architecture.
With atmosphere in SANAA’s architecture as research target, according to the New
Phenomenology of Herman Schmitz, supported by the theory of co-construction of scenes,
synesthesia and motion suggestion, this essay interprets the atmospheric thinking of SANAA
from three levels— architectural feature, activity experience and designing consciousness. This
essay researches the establishment of atmosphere in SANAA’s architecture through activity
scenes, construction approaches, and spatial rhythms. At the same time, this essay tries to
explore the appliance of New Phenomenology in architecture designing. From the aspect of
co-construction of scenes, SANAA’s architecture allow people to walk through freely, while
they also provide the opportunity for people to gather, and thus prompting communications.
The idea of “activity scenes” being the main role in building has reflected in most of SANAA’s
works. The architects lead people into interactions, and steadily lead them to establish new
scenes in architecture. Multiple center-oriented spaces provide the places for people to get in touch, thus creating the “co-scenes” and “in time public scenes”. These approaches coincide with Schmitz’s theory, and SANAA have shown
their emphasis on “activity scenes” in many articles and speeches. From the aspect of synesthesia, SANAA tried to find out the balance between
perceptual design with construction logics. The architects changed the body perception of people through special construction ways, which still
conform with structure needs and material features. One the one hand, they split the structural items into thinner pieces and spread them around
the spaces. Thinner columns lightened the body feeling of weight, in spite that this information was conveyed through eyes. On the other hand,
they combined different parts of a building into one whole figure, then use the contrast between further and closer sight to emphasize the special
textures of materials. SANAA deliberately use these kinds of methods to generate multiple perceptions on body, and that conforms with the
mechanism of synesthesia. From the third aspect, SANAA create motion suggestions with the rhythm of varied spaces, in order to form feelings of
“narrow” and “wide”, which were stated by Schmitz, one after another. On the one hand, they place spaces with different brightness side by side;
On the other hand, they arrange spaces with varied depth on continuous boundaries, in order to form viewports with different ratios. According
to the atmosphere study of Herman Schmitz, the motion suggestion which is simulated on body by space is the third way to establish atmosphere.
Obviously, SANAA has got the similar light like what it is in this thinking.
Architecture atmosphere can not only provide better experience for people, it can even become one of the proper guides leading to a life
with higher quality. In this sense, architects are to be stand out. Their new duty is to combine the light of philosophy with real life experience and
specific architecture designs, to retrieve vivid atmosphere back into architecture. For instance, showing the activities of people in open space to
appeal more participants, connecting the public parts of architecture to increase the chances of communication and to accommodate more public
activities. Arranging architectural items according to synesthesia is a way to enhance the quality of space, and thus activate people’s sensory.
Creating motion suggestions through proper leading is a way to generate the interest of visitors, and encourage them to experience the whole
architecture in the process of moving. |
| Key words: SANAA New Phenomenology Atmosphere Scene Synesthesia Motion Suggestion |
