| 摘要: |
| 建筑形态参数直接影响城市街道型
风道的通风潜力。为揭示中国大城市建筑形态参
数对街道型风道通风效果的影响程度与机理，
首先选择南京市中心区中山路两侧约10.84 km 2
的街区为研究样区，基于python软件从高分辨
率遥感图像中提取研究样区内建筑密度、建筑
高度和容积率；其次，借助CFD平台，通过验证
参数后的量化模拟获得该街区在1.5 m、10 m
与30 m等高度的风场图，以揭示模拟风场与
建筑形态参数之间的相关性以及建筑形态参
数对城市通风潜力的影响。结果表明：在各高
度，风速与建筑密度曲线走势相反，风速较高
处与路口的位置基本一致；建筑密度与模拟风
速呈负相关关系，相关系数为0.040（1.5 m）、
-0.475（10 m）与-0.314（30 m），建筑高度与模
拟风速呈正相关关系，相关系数为0.237，容积
率与模拟风速无明显相关性。最后，结合南京
城市核心区的建成环境特点，提出改善我国大
城市街道型风道通风潜力的建筑形态参数规划
应对策略。 |
| 关键词: 通风潜力 python CFD数值模
拟 相关分析 南京中心区 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200310 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51578482） |
|
| Studies on the Influence of Building Shape Parameters on Ventilation Potential of theStreet-Type Ventilated Corridor |
|
WANG Weiwu,WANG Di,LI Feinan
|
| Abstract: |
| Building shape parameters directly affect the ventilation potential of street-type
ventilation corridors. With the rapid urbanization in China, large-scale development and
construction within urban area have led to changes in the urban spatial forms so that the
roughness of urban underlying surfaces has increased. Urban heat island and urban smog have
become prominent urban environmental problems in recent years. Urban ventilation corridor
planning has become an important research topic as a significant means to improve urban
ventilation and control urban air pollution as well. Traditionally, within academic spheres, the
quantitative analysis of urban ventilation corridors has been discussed in terms of the macro
and micro scales. Macro-scale researches mostly focus on quantitative analysis of urban air
conditions and some ideas for building urban ventilation corridors, while the latter often use
CFD simulation techniques to simulate air conditions in projects or blocks. Although domestic
researches on urban ventilation corridor planning and construction have certain guiding
significance, planning research results are barely used practically, with a lack of focus on basic
quantitative research. Therefore, the ventilation potential of the urban ventilation corridors is
combined with the control of the building shape parameters(building density, building height
and floor area ratio) in the regulatory plan at the medium-micro scale (such as the sub-division
scale and the block scale). It is of great significance to formulate specific control measures to
improve urban ventilation at the level of regulatory plan.
This paper attempts to figure out the quantitative relationship between simulated wind
speed and building shape parameters in urban central area by a combination of qualitative
analysis and quantitative simulation, and reveal the correlation between the building shape
parameters and ventilation potential, so that operational planning strategies can be proposed to
improve the ventilation potential of urban ventilation corridors.
Firstly, the block of 10.84 km 2 on both sides of Zhongshan Road in downtown Nanjing
was selected as the research sample area to evaluate its ventilation potential. Using the high-
resolution satellite image as the data source, the architectural outlines of the research area were
extracted, and then the divided grids were used as the statistical units to calculate the building
shape parameters combined with the building layer data. Secondly, using the numerical
simulation tool, CFD, the wind field maps of the study area at 1.5 m, 10 m and 30 m were
obtained to establish the model solution. The CFD method chosen to simulate the ventilation
potential of the study area is simple in operation, and can obtain the required analysis data
more accurately. Also, the simulation results are intuitively expressed so that it has been the most commonly used effective quantitative evaluation method. Finally, the distribution characteristics of the building shape parameters and the
wind speed distribution characteristics of the area were analyzed. Also, the correlation between wind speed and building shape parameters was
calculated using the statistical tool SPSS. Meanwhile, the wind speed and building shape parameters of typical sections on both sides of the
main ventilation corridor(100 m, 200 m, 300 m from the ventilation corridor) were intercepted, and the curves were compared and analyzed.
Results show that the compact arrangement of near-surface buildings has hindered the propagation of wind. The building density and building
height at the block level have a direct impact on the ventilation effect of the block, while the floor area ratio is not sensitive to the ventilation
effect. The simulated wind speed is opposite to the building density curve, and as the altitude increases, the reverse trend between simulated
wind speed and building density is more pronounced. The correlation between wind speed and building density at 1.5 m is very weak, with a
correlation coefficient of -0.011, while at 10m and 30m, the correlation between building density and wind speed is significantly enhanced, and
the correlation coefficients are -0.475 and -0.314 respectively. At the mean time, there is a positive correlation between the building height and the
simulated wind speed whose correlation coefficient is 0.232. That is to say, the simulated wind speed is higher in the area with a larger building
height.
Thus, combining the index system of regulatory plan, this paper proposes planning strategies from the perspective of improving regional
ventilation and wind environment inside the block. For the central area of the big cities, the building density should be reduced and the height of
buildings be increased to improve the ventilation function of the urban ventilation corridors. Also, the height limit of the buildings on both sides of
the main road should be increased, and the high-rise buildings should be arranged on both sides of the main ventilation corridor, which can guide
the circulation of the wind among areas to a greater extent. The building layout should be re-designed to guide the penetration of urban winds in
the neighborhood, like reducing the layout of the surroundings of the block in densely populated areas. |
| Key words: Ventilation Potential Python CFD Numerical Simulation Correlation Analysis Downtown Area of Nanjing |
