| 摘要: |
| 文章以湘东—赣西边境井冈山地区
传统乡土建筑为研究对象，梳理湘赣边境乡
土建筑在长期适应气候与自然的过程中所形
成的适宜技术，总结并提取典型的气候适宜
性策略。分析了在当今时代背景下，传统建
造技艺传承的两个主要问题，探索建筑师如
何在对现代性与地方性再认识的基础上，在
传承和创新之间取得平衡。通过介绍在井冈
山荷花乡大仓村的系列实践项目，印证一种
符合现代生活方式的生态的、低碳的乡村振
兴的可能，将当地乡土建筑中被证明有效的
生态建造经验转化应用于当代工程设计实
践中。 |
| 关键词: 湘赣边境 传统建造体系 乡村振
兴 地域 生态 气候 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200313 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0700200）；
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目（SJCX18_0012） |
|
| Research on the Application of the Climate Adaptability Strategy of VernacularArchitecture in Rural Revitalization |
|
CHEN Siyu,ZHANG Tong
|
| Abstract: |
| The original motivation for humans to build the houses is to resist the adverse
weather effects of the outside world. There are various forms of vernacular architecture around
the world evolved under the limited economic and technological conditions. These buildings
use locally available materials and simple form to cope with different climate conditions.
It can be concluded that the diversity of climate has created different styles of vernacular
architecture around the world. However, since the 20th century, with the advancement of
production technology, the irreversible urbanization process has spread to almost every village
in China. The overreliance on the construction of power equipment and modern technology has
cut the relationship between the vernacular architecture and the local nature, which makes the
building lose its diversity and become more and more similar. Consequently, villages appear
the same though in different areas. We have also witnessed mankind plundering a lot of natural
resources for the construction of dwellings, which in turn disrupted the ecological balance and
the common living environment of mankind. The traditional vernacular architecture is rooted
in natural, social and economic environment. It not only contains the ecological philosophy of
the harmonious symbiosis of architecture and nature, but also condenses the technical wisdom
and experience of traditional craftsmen. The ecological construction logic of vernacular
architecture responding to regional climate can be used as a reference for the contemporary
sustainable construction adapting to the needs of modern life.
Under the context of rural revitalization in China, it is suggested that more consideration
should be given to harmonizing economic, ecological and cultural conditions with needs
during the contemporary rural construction progress, so as to promote the inheritance and
renewal of passive construction techniques of traditional vernacular architecture, and to create
a sustainable rural environment. In this process, there are two main problems: 1) the traditional
construction mode requires a large amount of manpower and manual work. However, many
young rural people have left their hometown for the city, so the labor in the countryside is
scarce. As a result, the traditional construction model has lost its advantage; 2) the traditional
construction techniques and materials are relatively simple with poor durability, which cannot
meet today’s requirements for living with the progress of the times, especially the need for
safety and comfort .
This paper takes the traditional vernacular architecture in Jinggangshan City of the Xiang-
Gan border area as the research object. Firstly, in order to establish a basic understanding of the region’s climate, the paper analyzes the most prominent feature of the climate in this area, which is the high humidity throughout the year, hot
and humid in summer, cold and wet in winter. Then, the typical residential types evolved under the influence of regional climate in this area are
summarized. This is a kind of single house with an opening in the front eave wall or roof, which is known locally as Tian-men style, a variation
on the patio. From two aspects of the local construction system and characteristic structure, the paper summarizes the appropriate technologies
formed in the process of long-term adaptation to climate and nature of vernacular architecture in Xiang-Gan border area, and extracts the typical
climate adaptability strategies of this region. Through the introduction of a series of practical projects completed in the past two years in Dachang
village in Jinggangshan City, the possibility of an ecological and low-carbon rural revitalization in line with the modern lifestyle was verified. It
is suggested that from two aspects, the proven effective experience of ecological construction in local vernacular architecture can be applied to the
contemporary engineering design. One is to introduce modern construction mode, such as prefabricate assembly technology, to solve the problem
of labor shortage, and the other is to optimize the traditional construction technology, such as improving the construction and materials of the
envelop enclosure of the building to meet the needs of modern life. |
| Key words: Xiang-Gan Border Area Traditional Construction System Rural Revitalization Regional Ecology Climate |
