| 摘要: |
| ：自上世纪90年代以来，西班牙巴塞
罗那面临城市交通增长带来的空气污染和
噪声污染加剧、绿色空间减少、人居环境退
化等问题。为解决此类城市问题，改善人
居环境，巴塞罗那当局提出了超级街区计
划（Superilles）旨在将新鲜空气和街道空间
归还给城市居民。本文回顾了该计划的实施
背景和发展历程，剖析了2016年提出的超级
街区“Superilles”计划——“赋予街道以生
机活力”的主旨思想、规划策略与愿景。基于
“塞尔达规划”的方格网街区，选择波布雷
诺（Poblenou）街区进行实地调研，通过数
据分析，评估了街区改造的效果，并验证了超级街区计划实施具有改善街区综合环境，提升气候舒适度，减少车流量，降低噪声进而整体
促进居民健康等作用。作者认为，超级街区实施的一些街区修补改造策略为我国 “城市病”问
题的解决提供可借鉴的经验和思路。 |
| 关键词: 巴塞罗那 超级街区 街区修补 健康人居环境 波布雷诺 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200206 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51578366）;
中新绿色建筑科技合作项目（2016） |
|
| Research on the Method of Block Rehabilitation Based on Health Orientation: Taking the Barcelona “Superilles” Program as an Example |
|
CUI Jiahui,CHEN Tian,ZANG Xinyu
|
| Abstract: |
| Across the globe, the rapid urbanization process has caused a series of urban problems,
such as traffic congestion, air pollution, heat island effect, resource shortage and degradation
of human settlements environment, which many countries and cities have to face in their
development. In the middle and later stages of urbanization, cities no longer regard economic
interests as the first demand, but advocate creating better living environment and higher quality
of life. In 1984, the World Health Organization (WHO) first proposed the concept of “Healthy
City”, and then more and more health-oriented urban projects began to be implemented. People
realized that in order to build a healthy city, it was necessary to restore their dominant position
in the city and control the growth of vehicles and the spread of lanes. Therefore, the planning
session gradually puts forward the concepts of "Reclaim the Right-of-Way" and "Pedestrians
First". The Superilles in Barcelona, Spain is such a block repair plan aimed at reshaping street
space, restoring street vitality and building healthy blocks.
Since the 1990s, Barcelona has faced increasingly serious urban problems, including
air and noise pollution, green space reduction, frequent traffic accidents, and degradation of
human settlements. In order to solve such urban problems and improve the living environment,
the Barcelona authorities have proposed a super block plan-Superilles-aimed to give fresh
air and street space back to urban residents. This article firstly reviews the implementation
background and development process of the plan. The Superblock Plan is based on the urban
pattern and road network laid by the Cerdà Plan. The core of the Cerdà Plan is the urban
breathing theory, which advocates reducing the building density and providing green space.
However, as the population continues to increase and the building density increases, a large
amount of green space is occupied, and the leisure and entertainment functions of the streets
are disappearing. Since then, Barcelona has begun to explore the construction of pedestrian blocks, and has put forward “Street Plan”, “Mobility Plan” and “Urban Mobility Plan”. Based on the previous practical experiences, Barcelona
proposed the Superblock Plan in 2016. In this plan, the original urban streets are redefined as public spaces, livable places, community spaces and
entertainment venues, rather than pure vehicles and pedestrian roads. It combines the original 130 m * 130 m block unit into a 3 * 3 unit network
and becomes a 400 m * 400 m super block. The original traffic flow direction is adjusted, which is only used for residential traffic services within
the block, emergency vehicles and loading and unloading vehicles. The speed of the vehicle is controlled within 10 km/h to reduce transit traffic.
In December, 2019, the Superblock Plan has established implementation pilot in 8 blocks of 6 regions. According to its completion, the author
selects the Poblenou block to conduct field research. It is found that the implementation of superblock is conducive to the decrease of temperature,
the increase of humidity, the improvement of microclimate and the increase of human comfort in the neighborhood. It can also reduce traffic
flow and noise, and improve the safety of the block. At the same time, it can increase the area of public space and green space, improve the
comprehensive environment of the block and promote the health of residents. Through the analysis of its update strategy, the author summarizes
its implementation experiences into four points. Firstly, it should give priority to pedestrians. Secondly, it should restrict private transportation
and provide convenient public transportation. Thirdly, it should adopt a phased and progressive implementation mechanism. Fourthly, it should
emphasize public participation.
In the process of urbanization, China is also faced with similar "urban disease" problems. Drawing on the successful experience of Barcelona
Superblock Plan, this paper puts forward several suggestions on building a healthy city and repairing block space in China. First, it should determine the
humanist-oriented space governance method, transform the street to pedestrian priority moderately, elaborate the street space and facilities, and pay attention
to the safety of the streets and the diversity of street activities. Second, it should improve the current status of traffic congestion, promote green commute,
improve the bus line network and bicycle network, reduce bus waiting time and reduce road parking. Third, it should transform the planning and management
mode, promote restoration from the part of whole, and pay attention to the coordination and cooperation among multiple departments. Fourth, it should
promote the social inclusive planning, pay attention to “bottom-up” public participation, encourage the community residents, social institutions and civil
groups to participate in the planning and action of street reconstruction management, and protect the public’s right to know and supervision. |
| Key words: Barcelona Superilles Block Repair Healthy Living Environment Poblenou |
