| 摘要: |
| 2020年初新型冠状病毒肺炎（NCP）
的突发，是对城市基层社区应急防控能力的
一次大考验。在此背景下，作为国家空间治
理体系的最小细胞，社区的预防水平与抗疫
能力成为重要议题。基于城市社区规划与现
代流行病学研究，提出了“社区体检模型”，
使用截止4月15日南宁市新型冠状病毒肺炎
数据及行政区划空间数据，以15分钟生活圈
作为最小评价单元，从源—汇城市人系统、
点—群公共点系统、集—散流行病系统三个
平行层面分析了南宁市中心城区范围内评价
单元的社区健康指数，分析得出低于5分的
亚健康单元，主要分布于城市中心地带，有着
较高的建设密度与较差的通风环境。并借此
提出针对性的规划管理建议，以期为城市突
发公共卫生威胁下社区有效建设提供借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 突发公共卫生事件 社区体检模型 新型冠状病毒 社区防控 规划应对 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200207 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51768001)；广西自然科学
基金项目（2017GXNSFAA198357） |
|
| Construction of Community Physical Examination Model under Public Health Emergency Events and Practice in Nanning |
|
ZHU Ziming,QIN Menglin,SONG Yuanzhen,LIU Yumei
|
| Abstract: |
| Urban construction, government management and community management were
assaulted by the outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in early 2020. This epidemic
triggered a deep reflection and extensive discussion in urban research. As the minimum unit
of the national space governance system, the community has become the focus and also be a
basic foothold for many experts and scholars to study the epidemic suppression and prevention.
Therefore, the level of community prevention and anti-epidemic capacity has become important
issues. Nanning, as the capital city of Guangxi Autonomous Region, because of its higher urban
prestige, developed external transportation system, and the most densely populated flow, it has
become the easiest infected areas and the highest number of infection by the epidemic in the
entire region. Based on this, Nanning was selected as the research area.
Based on urban community planning and modern epidemiological research, using the
new coronavirus pneumonia data before April 15th, administrative division spatial data and
land data, a “community physical examination model” (CPEM) was proposed on the base
of PSR (stress-state-response) planning logic and analysis program. A 15-minute life circle
as the examination unit, comprehensively derive the community health index (CHI) and the
various epidemic prevention capabilities was calculated by CPEM by the rapid spread of the
epidemic. Firstly, the environmental pressure source of the built-up area was analyzed, then
the livability of the urban people was evaluated, and finally the community space environment
was optimized. The public point system includes the analysis of the facility group pressure,
the distribution of public point evaluation, and finally the optimization of urban space
facilities suggestions. The epidemic system focuses on the pressure analysis of epidemic
situation aggregation to evaluate the spread of epidemic disease, and ultimately assists in the
optimization of the layout of the intercity space. Based on the PSR planning logic, the overall
survival pros and cons of the urban community under the impact of the epidemic can be
evaluated by these three parallel systems (urban people, public places and epidemics). It could
provide targeted suggestions for the community defense response measures under the impact of
this outbreak and the orderly improvement of the community space in the future.
The results showed that: 1) The Community Physical Examination Model (CPEM)
can effectively delineate the sub-health community unit in Nanning (CHI <5). CPEM has a powerful single-factor evaluation of the epidemic prevention level and comprehensive CHI calculation ability, which can comprehensively
examine the health level of the community and find specific impact factors. However, the ability of community management calculation is weak
because there are few policy indicators and human-based psychological indicators. 2) The 15-minute community life circle can work well as
the minimum evaluation unit of CPEM. The 15-minute community life circle is different from the grassroots organizations such as streets and
neighborhood committees that rely on national administration in the past. It can better play the self-organization of residents from the bottom
up, thus establishing a self-management management and mutual assistance complementary mechanism for the basic unit of community medical
examination. It is the core unit for building urban defense space and physical examination under public health emergencies in the central urban
area of Nanning. 3) The community units with super high scores are arranged in the southeast corner of Nanning city center. The function types
are residential communities and industrial communities. The uniform characteristics reflect the general paradigm of a healthy community:
excellent ventilation, easily cut off pollution sources, a livable environment and convenient public services. In addition, sub-health community
units with a score of less than 5 are distributed in the center of the city, mostly on the north bank of the Yongjiang River, with high construction
density and poor ventilation environment. Old town facilities, unreasonable street directions, and sanitation prevention measures are the main
causes of sub-health. Street micro-renewing of old communities and residents and hygiene awareness training will become the primary tasks of
such units in future community construction.
In all, the results showed that the sub-health units which are below 5 points were distributed in the center of the city, and all of them
had a high construction density and poor ventilation environment. At the same time, it puts forward some targeted planning and management
suggestions to provide references for the effective management of the community under the threat of urban public health |
| Key words: Public Health Emergency Events Community Physical Examination Model COVID-19 Community Prevention and Control Planning Response |
