| 摘要: |
| 长春市属于典型的寒地城市，冬季
雾霾现象频发，居民室外热舒适度差，这些
现象严重影响了居民的出行和健康，导致公
共空间活力严重不足。因此，城市既需要加
强通风减弱雾霾，又需要增加静风区以保证
居民室外热舒适度，这就形成了极其现实的
矛盾。在此背景下结合《长春市总体城市设
计》风环境专题，通过识别、分析各种风环
境问题，利用CFD模拟法和网络语义分析法
结合的主客观评价法与文献综述法分析解
决对策。形成“中心城区尺度—人行尺度”的
应对策略，中心城区尺度将通风廊道与自然
山水格局耦合以优化通风廊道构建，并在大
黑山脉山区构建引风廊道改善城市通风。人
行尺度采用主客观结合分析方法，提出改善
热舒适度策略。最终从不同视角改善城市风
环境，提升城市活力。 |
| 关键词: 寒地城市 雾霾 通风廊道 热舒适度 静风区 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200204 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目（16BH130）；吉林省科技
厅自然科学基金项目（20170101080JC）；中央财政
部和教育部联合支持平台：寒地城市空间绩效可视
化与决策支持平台 |
|
| Multi-Scale Optimization on Urban Wind Environment of Changchun City Based on Improved Ventilation and Thermal Comfort |
|
ZHAO Hongyu,MAO Bo
|
| Abstract: |
| Changchun City is a very typical winter city. The frequent occurrence of haze in
winter and the terrible outdoor thermal comfort have seriously affected residents’ outdoor
activity and health. Unlike the non-cold city wind environment, non-cold city mainly aims to
enhance the urban ventilation effect, so as to reduce the smog phenomenon and solve the urban
heat island problem. The city needs the wind to weaken the haze, but the wind weakens the
outdoor thermal comfort and destroys the activities in winter time. The paper tries to optimize
urban wind environment from multi-scale to deal with that contradiction.
Under this background, combined with the special topic of “Changchun General Urban Design”,
the wind environment of Changchun is studied. Through the identification and analysis of urban wind
environment problems, the disaster environment of various wind environment problems and their
related influencing factors, the urban space form elements affecting urban wind environment, such
as open space distribution, urban height distribution, architectural layout and architectural form are
identified. After that, the subjective and objective evaluation method combined with CFD simulation
method and network semantic analysis method and literature review method are used to analyze the
countermeasures to form the coping strategy of “central urban scale-pedestrian scale”.
The central urban scale couples the ventilation corridor with the natural landscape pattern to
optimize the construction of the ventilation corridor. At present, there are a large number of parks
scattered in the central urban area, which are not connected with the city, making it difficult for fresh air
to flow into the city. However, by comparing the historical water system with the layout of urban parks, it
is found that the restoration of Changchun historical water system can effectively connect urban parks in
series so as to enhance urban ventilation. In this study, CFD simulation is used to compare the changes
of regional wind environment before and after the restoration of historical water system, and it can be
concluded that the regional wind speed can increase from 0.5m/s to 1m/s after the restoration of historical
water system. In terms of urban form, due to the high-intensity development and construction in the
southeast of Changchun over the past few years. The emergence of a large number of high-rise buildings
hinders the ventilation of the city, making it difficult for the fresh cold air produced by the Great Black
Mountains to flow into the city. Therefore, in order to introduce the fresh cold air produced by the Dahei
Mountains in the southeast of the city into the city, the development intensity of construction land in the
southeast of the city is limited (such as ventilation corridor width, building height and building density, etc.) to form a ventilation corridor, and combined with CFD simulation to analyze the changes of regional wind environment before and after the construction
of ventilation corridor. Finally, it is concluded that after the construction of the ventilation corridor, the regional average wind speed increases by about 0.5m/s,
which can more effectively introduce fresh cold air into the city, and thus improving the air quality inside the city.
In the aspect of pedestrian scale, it mainly focuses on solving the problem of thermal comfort. This paper simulates and analyzes the
influence mechanism of urban spatial elements on wind environment under different urban conditions, and evaluates the subjective will of citizens
combined with network semantic analysis. Form the subjective and objective way of network semantic analysis and CFD simulation analysis, the
paper more accurately puts forward the strategy of improving the thermal comfort on the pedestrian scale, such as reducing the layout of high-rise
buildings, increasing the layout of podium and low-rise buildings, and increasing sunken squares and closed corridors.
Finally, the layout of “coordinating the urban park water system at the macro central urban scale” is formed. Limiting the development
intensity of the urban piedmont area, controlling the urban form and achieving the purpose of enhancing urban ventilation could alleviate the
urban haze phenomenon. In the micro-pedestrian scale, improving thermal comfort by the combination of architectural form, architectural layout
and urban design strategies, and the formation of different perspectives to deal with cold areas of the wind environment improvement strategy can
improve the urban wind environment and enhance the vitality of the city. |
| Key words: Winter City Haze Ventilation Corridor Thermal Comfort Quiet Wind Area |
