| 摘要: |
| 为研究界面开口几何参数对寒地大
空间建筑自然通风的影响规律，选取全民健
身中心作为研究对象，通过调研归纳典型空
间模型，提取界面开口个数（Pn）、开口宽
度（Pw）、开口距楼地面距离（Pd）和开口高
度（Ph）4个几何参数作为模拟变量，提取参
考面的空气龄、温度和风速作为自然通风性
能评价指标。结合参数化建模技术、CFD数
值模拟技术和参数相关性分析方法，对几何
参数与自然通风性能之间的关系展开模拟分
析。首先通过4组控制变量模拟实验，研究单
一参数变化对自然通风性能的影响趋势，计
算决定系数；然后通过抽样形成200个几何
参数组合的样本并进行CFD批量模拟计算，探索多个参数同时变化时对评价指标的影响，采用Spearman相关系数法计算各参数的相关性
指标。结果表明：几何参数相关性指标的综合排名由高到低依次为界面开口宽度、界面开口高
度、界面开口个数、界面开口距楼地面距离；空气龄与几何参数呈幂函数或二次项式关系变化，
温度与几何参数呈线性关系变化，风速与几何参数呈线性或二次项关系变化。 |
| 关键词: 界面开口 几何参数 寒地大空间建筑 自然通风 全民健身中心 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200203 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目（51738006）；
“十三五”国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0700200）；
辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划（2019-ZD-0657） |
|
| Study on the Influence of Geometric Parameters of Façade Openings on Natural Ventilation of Large Space Buildings in Cold Regions: Taking National Fitness Center as an Example |
|
BAI Xiaowei,HUANG Yong,ZHANG Minyi,XIA Baishu
|
| Abstract: |
| The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of geometric parameters of
facade opening on the natural ventilation performance of large space buildings in cold regions.
The National Fitness Center was selected as the research object, and the relationship between
the geometric parameters of the facade opening and the natural ventilation performance was
simulated and analyzed combining the parametric modeling technology, CFD numerical
simulation technology and parameter correlation analysis method. Based on the field
investigations of 15 national fitness centers in the cold regions, the typical space model was
summarized. Four geometric parameters including the number of facade openings(Pn), the width
of opening(Pw), the distance from opening to the floor(Pd) and the height of opening(Ph) were
extracted as simulation variables, and the range of each geometric parameter was determined
based on the survey data. The parametric model was established by setting the coupling and
constraint relationships between geometric parameters. Based on the consideration of three
aspects of air quality, thermal comfort and sports requirements, the air age, temperature and
wind speed of the reference surface were extracted as the evaluation indicators of natural
ventilation performance. Fluent in ANSYS 17.0 was used for CFD simulation analysis. Natural
ventilation under the action of wind pressure and buoyancy was adopted in the simulation. The
incompressible ideal gas model was used to simulate the process of natural convection. The
average wind speed of the transitional season in Shenyang, a typical city in the cold region,
was selected as the inlet boundary of the calculation domain, and the thermal environment
boundary conditions were set in combination with the measured data. First, four groups of single
variable simulation experiments were performed. With other parameters kept at their initial
values, a single geometric parameter’s influence on natural ventilation performance was tested separately. According to the CFD simulation results, cloud maps of the air age, temperature and wind speed of the reference surface were extracted,
and the fitting curve of the influence trend of geometric parameters on natural ventilation were drawn. The simulation results of the single variable
experiments showed that the air age changed in a power function or a quadratic term with the increase of geometric parameters, and kept a negative
correlation with Pn, Pw, Ph, and a positive correlation with Pd. The temperature changed linearly with the increase of geometric parameters, and kept
a negative correlation with Pn, Pw, Ph, and a positive correlation with Pd. Wind speed changes linearly or quadratically with the increase of geometric
parameters, and kept a positive correlation with Pn, Pw, Ph and a negative correlation with Pd. The evaluation index values of the reference surfaces
of first and second floor were basically consistent with the overall average. In other words, increase of Pn, Pw, and Ph will cause increasing trend in
wind speed and decreasing trend of air age and temperature; in contrast, increase of Pd will cause a slight decrease in wind speed and a slow increase
in air age and temperature. Then the correlation coefficient was calculated to explore the sensitivity of each parameter. The Latin hypercube sampling
method was used to obtain 200 groups of geometric parameter data. CFD numerical simulation was carried out to calculate the air age, temperature
and wind speed of 200 groups of samples. Then the Spearman method was used to calculate the correlation coefficient of each parameter. The results
of correlation analysis showed that the geometric parameters of the facade opening kept different sensitivity on natural ventilation performance.
The comprehensive ranking of the correlation coefficient of geometric parameters in descending order was: the width of opening(Pw), the height
of opening(Ph), the number of facade openings(Pn), the distance from opening to the floor(Pd). Among all parameters, Pw is the most sensitive
parameter, and Pd is the non-sensitive parameter. The correlation coefficients of Pw, Ph, and Pn were close, and they were key geometric parameters
that need to be considered in the design. The research results can assist architects to quickly identify key geometric parameters during the design
process, and make targeted adjustments to the facade opening shape to improve natural ventilation performance. Based on the evaluation of three
goals of air quality, thermal comfort, and sports requirements, the ideal wind environment for the sports space of the National Fitness Center should
keep a smaller air age, lower temperature and lower wind speed. From the simulation experiments, it can be known that the increase of single
geometric parameter will lead to contradictory results of the three goals. Therefore, the optimal combination of opening parameters should be the
result of comprehensively weighing the three goals. In addition, this research is an exploration mainly on natural ventilation performance. In actual
projects, the determination of the facade opening shape should also be combined with other design factors such as building image, daylighting and
thermal performance. |
| Key words: façade Opening Geometric Parameters Large Space Buildings in Cold Regions Natural Ventilation National Fitness Center |
