| 摘要: |
| 以现试行的“双评价”技术方法对
市县国土空间开发适宜性评价时，往往出现
评价出的农业生产适宜与城镇建设适宜用地
重叠，难以支持市县国土空间规划土地用途
管制落地实施的问题。针对该问题，本文受
启于具有“自然的经济体系”之誉的生态学与
经济学的共源关系，运用基础经济学和福利
经济学原理，厘清土地覆盖资源供给与土地
利用需求的多对多关系，解译出对土地覆盖
资源利用的五大原则，提出“以追求正外部
性为准则，以反映自然生态状况的土地覆盖
资源供给和承载人类社会需求的土地利用
之间的供需均衡为目的”的市县国土空间开
发适宜性评价自然经济学路径，以保障市县
国土空间规划土地用途管制落地实施能充分
发挥土地覆盖的生态功能，并在“产权”清晰
中可持续管理运行。 |
| 关键词: 土地覆盖 土地利用 国土空间开
发适宜性评价 经济学 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200106 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家“十三五”重点项目课题（2019YFD1100804） |
|
| The Equilibrium Between Land Cover Supply and Land Use Demand: The Nature-Economic Logic of Suitability Evaluation on National Territory Spatial Development in Counties |
|
ZHAO Ke,LIN Yifan
|
| Abstract: |
| The suitability evaluation of national territory spatial development is a basic work
for optimizing the pattern of its development and protection, implementing the use control and
ecological restoration, and scientizing the national territory spatial planning. Current evaluation
methods of national territory spatial development suitability are mostly oriented to the demand
of three main types of land utilization (agricultural, ecological and urban spaces), and draw the
criterion in confused concepts of land use and land cover. It leads to the overlapped evaluation
result between agriculture suitability and construction suitability, and lacks the support of
governing national territory spatial.
In fact, land cover is resources supply which can reflect the status of natural ecology,
while land use is the human needs referring to how human make use of land cover. Point to the
problem, this study clarifies the many-to-many relationship of land cover (supply) and land use
(demand). Inspired by Nature’s Economy, this study infers the five utilization principles of land
cover resources from the principle of economics and welfare economics, include expounding the
production-possibilities frontier of land cover; the supply and demand relationship of land cover
and land use; the effective utilization allocation of land cover resources; the positive and negative
externality of land cover resources and the public-resource property of land cover.
Principle 1: Based on pursuing the maximization of production efficiency, choice of land use
will trade off the marginal cost of multi-use possibility in land cover.
Principle 2: In the many-to-many relationship between land cover and land use, land cover
tends to be the form of land use with less elasticity of demand.
Principle 3: Regardless of the externalities, the form of land use with more consumer surplus
is the best allocation to land cover resources.
Principle 4: The utilization of land resources should be oriented towards positive externalities.
Principle 5: The property rights integrating “duty, power and benefit” can realize the winwin situation of land resources allocating and economic welfare improving.
Then, reducing dimensions of the many-to-many relationship to one-to-many, this study
deduces “C-Us” and “U-Cs” two economic evaluation models of national territory spatial
development suitability. After demonstrating and optimizing the two based on the principle1
and 2, it finds that “U-Cs” evaluation model easy to mix land use and land cover together as the supply, trapped in a “self-evident” logical paradox. While the “C-Us” model is an accessible way to evaluate the suitability of national territory spatial
development, which intuitively shows the relationship between the natural supply of land cover and the artificial selection of land use, fully embodies
the economic properties (quantity, price, opportunity cost, and so on) of the national territory spatial development.
According to principles 3 and 4, the externalities of land use, namely social cost and social value, are included in the C-Us model. Subject to
ecological research mechanism, “process-function-form”, the land used as public sector land or not can be concluded by interpreting ecological
process, simulating environmental degradation and evaluating the importance of ecological function and sensitivity of environment about land cover.
Following principle 5, the land zoning integrating right, duty and benefit may be the best way to display the public resource property and avoid “The
Tragedy of the Commons”.
Given all above, the duty-power-benefit shared method of national territory spatial development and zoning governance is deduced. The method
will make the land utilization reflect the ecological function of land cover and operate sustainably under the clear property rights. |
| Key words: Land Cover Land Use Suitability Evaluation of National Territory Spatial Development Economics |
