| 摘要: |
| 公共政策限制或扩展了人的行为，
以此牵引空间需求并塑造城乡形态。而城乡
规划的本质即是人类社会对空间需求的集体
意志，是权衡社会、文化、经济和环境等无
边界因素之后的集体选择。城乡规划在新时
期融入了国土空间规划体系，但由于边界不
明确、作用机制不明朗、效果不直接、责任难
认定等原因，在积极贡献的同时，承受了较多
质疑甚至不实之责。为了更加清晰地认知空
间规划及其政策，可以借鉴西方城市发展和
规划理论探索经验，重新认知和区分规划领
域学理、法理、机理的内涵与差别，同时，探
讨提升空间规划政策绩效的路径，大体包括
推动经验判断转向情景演算、识别实施传导
机制、划定可试错的领域并完善纠错机制以
及促进规划政策全过程的知识积累等方面。 |
| 关键词: 国土空间规划 公共政策 人工智
能 治理能力 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20190504 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51608062） |
|
| Discussions on the Transformation of Spatial Planning and the Improvement of Policy Performance inthe New Era |
|
PENG Kuntao,TIAN Xu
|
| Abstract: |
| Planning is a government act. The main function of the planning work is to develop
and implement the government's public policy. Urban and rural planning is the discipline of land
and space resource allocation. It specifically faces urban construction management behavior,
especially the construction of human settlements in the city. A close examination reveals that
many public policies have triggered spatial changes in urban and rural areas. Most of these
policies may not fall within the scope of urban and rural planning. It also does not directly
transform the space on a large scale. But these public policies limit or extend human behavior.
This will take the space demand and shape the urban and rural form. In the end, it caused a great
change in the urban and rural spatial form. The end link of most public policies is the restriction
or incentive for human behavior. Human behavior is limited by space and also shapes space.
Everyone’s behavioral activities take place in space, and everyone is the microscopic force
that shapes the space. Human individuals have different spatial needs. The sum of individual
differential spatial needs constitutes the collective will of human social space needs. The essence
of urban and rural planning is the collective will of this space demand. It is a collective choice
after weighing the borderless factors of society, culture, economy and environment. It is also
an integral part of public policy. However, since urban and rural space is directly related to
individual feelings, and because the boundaries between urban and rural planning are not clear,
the mechanism of action is unclear, the effect is not direct, and the responsibility is difficult
to identify, urban and rural planning plays an active role in urban construction management
and human settlements construction. On the other hand, it bears more questions and criticisms
from the public and academic circles, and even bears some untrue responsibilities. Urban and
rural planning is advancing in the midst of alternating and mixed approvals and criticisms, and
is integrated into the national land planning system in the new era. In order to gain a clearer
understanding of spatial planning and its policies, we can learn from western urban development
and planning theories to re-cognize and distinguish the connotations and differences of
academics, jurisprudence and mechanism in the field of planning. And it explores the path to
improve the performance of space planning policy implementation. These paths generally include
four aspects: 1) Promoting empirical judgment and turn to scenario calculus. That is, to fully
understand the development law and policy mechanism of the city, and to rationally construct
and evolve algorithms. The "algorithm" is used to reveal the logical relationship closely related
to the measurement planning policy, behavioral activities, and space environment. The artificial
intelligence method is used to carry out scenario calculation and result prediction, and to deduct better policy arrangements and policy translation. 2) Identifying the implementation of the transmission mechanism. Panning policy is not a linear
process of proposing vision, strategy formulation, implementation management, and goal realization. Policy transmission will experience tortuosity,
deflection and error correction in the real world. Identifying the transmission mechanism is an important way to balance rationality and irrationality
and promote the rationalization of planning. Its purpose is to identify and overcome the "negative effect" of policy. 3) Defining the areas of trial and
error and perfecting the error correction mechanism. Spatial planning is difficult to achieve "concentrated rationality." There is a need to provide a
game platform for “distributed rationality” and “distributed irrationality”. The premise is to reasonably determine the areas where trial and error can
be made. It should apply “concentrated rationality” to many areas that cannot be tried and tested, and clarify “negative list” and “responsibility list”,
allowing local space planning and design to explore and compare multiple possibilities to find a better way of working. To build an error correction
mechanism, it is necessary to distinguish the three principles of “rigid rules”, “resilient rules” and “elastic rules” to ensure a long-term policy
mechanism. 4) Promoting the accumulation of knowledge throughout the planning policy. The boundaries of disciplines should be broken and open
source draws on subject knowledge such as psychology and behavioral economics. Gradually, it analyzes the law of spatial development and extends
the theory. In terms of application practice, it is necessary to mine and enrich the policy toolbox at the spatial level within the boundaries, consider
the development of “artificial intelligence + X”, and promote “artificial intelligence + urban and rural planning”. The most important thing is to
grasp the policy mechanism. |
| Key words: Land and Space Planning Public Policy Artificial Intelligence Governance Ability |
