| 摘要: |
| 随着我国城市发展由增量扩张向存
量优化的转型，旧城更新成为城市规划的一
项重要议题。随着公众参与意识的增强，传
统自上而下的管理方式在旧城社区治理中逐
渐出现弊端。本文以厦门沙坡尾传统社区为
例，对其更新规划历程进行分析，研究从政府
主导开发，到以公众参与为导向展开共同缔
造的规划转型，探讨参与式规划引入社区更
新的必要性。 |
| 关键词: 旧城 城市更新 规划转型 参与
式社区规划 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20190503 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51808472） |
|
| The Transformation and Response of Urban Regeneration Under the Background of Public Participation—Taking Shapowei Community in Xiamen as Reference |
|
ZHANG Ruoxi,WANG Qin,YIN Biao
|
| Abstract: |
| Over the past two decades, the government has always kept an absolute leadership
in the game during the most urban renewal processes in China. With the multiple identities as
city manager, stakeholder and arbitrator, the government manages the spatial resources of the
city by exercising executive power and strengthens the intervention in spatial production. In the
renewal of old city, the government attaches importance to the development value of the old city,
and hopes to build it as a new space for urban development, while the capital pays attention to
its economic value. Since the demands of the both sides, to a certain extent, correspond to each
other in terms of spatial production, plenty of demolition and reconstruction for urban renewal
begin to appear. However, Shapowei is not the case. Its renewal process for more than ten years
also indicates the changes in the society and policy environment during the development process
of different cities.
This article would take Shapowei Community as entry point to analyze and compare the
process of urban planning and regeneration.
The Shapowei area has undergone the renewal plans several times from the beginning of
2003. 1) The first version of renewal plan was in 2003. It centered on the economic development
led by the government. While the demolition and reconstruction of all buildings would maximize
the land value and economic returns, the plan wasn’t implemented for it would destroy the
historical texture of the city and result in the huge compensation for demolition. 2) The second
version of renewal plan was in 2011. Promoted by developers, this plan aimed at promoting the
development of community business. The advantages of this plan was that it put forward the
protection for urban fabric and historic character. The proposed model of industry replacement
promoted the commercial development of tourism in the Shapowei community and it directly
promoted the gentrification development of the community. Without the participation of the
government, however, the infrastructure, environment and material space weren’t improved.
3) The third version of renewal plan was in 2015. It was characterized by the government-led
renovation of material space. While the starting point of the plan was to improve the community
environment, it met with opposition from local residents and Xiamen citizens becasuse Shapowei
was unilaterally positioned as a tourist and leisure area. 4) The fourth version of renewal plan
was in 2016. This plan took the relationship between “people” and “community” as a starting point. Through establishing a “Jointly-created Workshop”, it built a platform for discussion consisting of the grass-roots government, the community
residents, all the interest groups, the fishermen, the public media, the community organizations and etc. All of them could work together to make
decisions on the renewal plan and development direction of the community. The core missions of the workshop included the following four aspects:
firstly, to create a consensus on community development and promote the public participation; secondly, to solve the problem of Fishing Ban,
understand how fishermen participate in the future development of the community and set up a plan for the return of fishing boats; thirdly, to make a
plan aiming at cultivating community culture and increase the space for community cultural activities; fourthly, to make up a community action plan
and guarantee the steadfast implementation of the renewal plan.
The “Jointly-created Workshop” organized a number of conferences for soliciting public opinions whose attendees included all the interest
groups. Various social groups including fishermen, local residents, experts and scholars, enthusiasts and the representatives of merchants all
expressed their opinions and demands at the meetings. After mixing and grouping, they conducted the in-depth communications and discussions
about the common problems raised at the conferences, found the bottleneck problems of the community development and developed the renewal
strategies.
As a core area of the old city, there have been complicated and diverse social relationships and interest demands, driven by the economic
development, in the interior of Shapowei. Therefore, the decline of material space is not the most important bottleneck for the development of
Shapowei. It is also far from enough to only rely on the renewal model of spatial transformation or industrial upgrading. It is also necessary to
rethink the relationships between “People-Space-Structure” based on the fishery transformation. The adoption of participatory planning not
only serves for the purpose of mobilizing the residents to renovate the community environment, but also achieving the reconstruction of social
relationships. Through the integrated and effective public participation, the renewal plan continuously makes communication opportunities for the
public. They can collide with each other over the ideas, then unite their thoughts and finally reach a consensus. Giving full play to the role of people,
it is the most effective way to promote the renovation and development of the old community like Shapowei. |
| Key words: Heritage Downtown Urban Regeneration Transformation of Planning Participatory Community Planning |
