| 摘要: |
| 在快速城市化进程中，随着城市扩
张规模的不断增大以及城市建设的强度、速
度不断提高，如何寻找和应用新的规划方法
论，以解决由此导致的环境、生态、社会、
文化等综合问题已成为学术热点话题。本研
究将天津市滨海新区作为研究对象，基于地
理设计的方法论，对研究区生态安全格局底
线运用GIS和大数据技术进行综合分析，而
后对内生发展情景、外生发展情景、历史外
推情景三种城市扩张典型情景的影响进行
分析，最终得出优化城市扩张模式的合理途
径。研究结果表明：城市发展过程与生态安
全格局在各自相异的扩张情境下，矛盾较深，
差别较大；以历史惯性模式的优势驱动力的
空间特征效应为基础，依靠外生发展模式的
驱动力空间效应，使得因城市集聚带来的生态安全问题得以分散缓解；可从城市空间结构的优
化，绿带、交通、工业等要素的布局调整以及城市增长边界的划定与管制等方面着力城市扩张模
式的优化。本研究期望能为城市合理扩张提供规划方法实践，为促进城市生态修复，以及城市
修补的理论与实践提供新的基础研究参考。 |
| 关键词: 城市扩张 生态安全格局 地理设计 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20190309 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（31600571）；国
家社科基金重大项（13&ZD162）；江苏高校
品牌专业建设工程项目（PPZY2015A063） |
|
| Study on Optimization of Urban Expansion Based on Ecological Security Pattern Using Geo-Design—A Case Study for Tianjin Binhai New District |
|
HUANG Huanchun,CHEN Yilun,DENG Xin,XU Haowen,ZHENG Xin
|
| Abstract: |
| With the deepening of reform and opening up, China’s urbanization process is
also further accelerated, with a large number of people moving from the countryside into the
city, which leads to the rapid increase in the size of the urban population, the scale of urban
land expansion and the speed of expansion. The rapid expansion of urban scale has brought
a series of urban ecological problems, such as the sharp reduction of urban resources, the
breakdown of ecological environment, the threat to the survival of animals and plants, and the
rapid deterioration of human settlements. These problems have posed a great threat to urban
human settlements. In this context of urban development, this study takes Tianjin Binhai New
Area as the research object. Based on the methodology of geographic design, the bottom line
of ecological security pattern of the study area is comprehensively analyzed by using GIS and
big data technology. Then, the impact of three typical urban expansion scenarios, namely,
endogenous development scenario, exogenous development scenario and historical extrapolation
scenario, is analyzed. Finally, the optimal city is obtained. The reasonable way of city expansion
mode. Based on the ArcGIS software and the improved logistic-CA model, four single-factor
security patterns of water ecology security, atmospheric security, biological protection security
and historical and cultural security in Tianjin Binhai New Area are calculated respectively by
using GIS technology, and the four single-factor security patterns are synthetically superposed
and calculated. The advantages and disadvantages of urban expansion under three typical
scenarios of push endogenous development and exogenous development are discussed. Finally,
the optimal ways of urban expansion are put forward. The results show that the process of urban
expansion and the pattern of ecological security are different in three different modes: historical
extrapolation, endogenous development and exogenous development. Under the historical
extrapolation scenario, the construction land expands along the main traffic routes in the form
of “spreading big cakes”. The construction land of cities and towns and streets is exploited
successively, which weakens the ecological service function. Part of urban agglomeration is located around rivers and lakes with low ecological security pattern, which affects the hydrodynamic and water ecological security, weakens the
normal land erosion, aggravates the salinization of soil, affects the migration of organisms and the protection of biodiversity, and is prone to air
pollution, which poses a greater threat to the ecological security of cities; under the endogenous development model, through internal mechanisms,
the operation of urban development relies heavily on the old urban areas, so the construction land in the north-central region is still developing in
succession. While the main urban area is being constructed with high density, the patches of green space and natural ecological environment have
become very limited, and the seriously dispersed patches have a negative impact on the spatial pattern of urban landscape. Under this mode, the lowsecurity
ecological pattern areas mostly form agglomeration cities, which have adverse effects on water, atmosphere and biodiversity, and reduce
the ecological service function. Under the exogenous development mode, cities mainly rely on regional transportation facilities, etc. In the process
of expansion, the ecological function is maintained well, which can effectively prevent the disorderly spread of big cake stalls in old urban areas,
urban construction land and ecological services. There is a good buffer and transition between the protected areas, and the ecological land is well
protected. However, cities in different regions are weak in connection with each other and need strong traffic connections. Under this model, urban
expansion areas are mostly located in a higher security pattern, with less damage to the ecological environment and the smallest threat to ecological
security. In urban planning and construction, we can make full use of the characteristics of historical inertia expansion mode to give full play to its
advantages, rely on exogenous development mode to disperse the ecological security problems brought by urban agglomeration, effectively alleviate
the contradiction between urban expansion and ecological security, and optimize the mode of urban expansion, from structural optimization, traffic
guidance, construction of permanent ecological green space industry. We should focus on optimization and delimitation of urban growth boundaries.
Reasonable control and planning of urban construction can be achieved by optimizing urban spatial structure, reasonable guidance of traffic,
construction of permanent ecological green space, strict delimitation and supervision of three zones, guidance of industrial migration, delimitation
of urban growth boundary and other specific measures. This study makes a detailed analysis of the development modes in different situations of
cities in order to provide some references for the rational planning and construction of similar cities, and provide new methodological practice for
promoting the coordinated development of cities and ecology and building ecological cities. |
| Key words: Urban Expansion Ecological Security Pattern Geo-Design |
