| 摘要: |
| 医疗设施是重要的城市公共服务
设施，合理公平布局能够缓解中心区人口集
中化趋势和交通压力等问题。研究利用GIS
网络分析法对昆明中心城区现状医疗设施空
间分布进行研究，得出设施重叠率为400%，
覆盖率为88%，结合中心城区居住空间的分布
情况，建立医疗设施与居住空间的量化联系，
发现其布局公平性存在以下几个问题：数量
不足、分布不均、优质设施过于集中。本文利
用空间句法局部集成度分析昆明道路现状，
提出改善医疗设施布局的建议：依托高集成
度路网布局医疗设施，分级建设医疗设施，
推广远程基础医疗模式，加强公共设施导
向开发（SOD）模式在城市空间拓展的引导
作用。 |
| 关键词: 医疗服务设施 布局 公平性 居
住空间 昆明 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20190310 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目资助（51668065） |
|
| Research on Medical Facilities Fairness of Spatial Layout in Kunming City |
|
YU Canning,LI Zhiying,WANG Xiaoyun,LONG Ye,TIAN Jinhuan
|
| Abstract: |
| Medical facility is important for urban public service. Reasonable and fair distribution
of it in central district can alleviate the pressure of population, density, etc. This paper uses GIS
(Network Analysis) to quantitative research the spatial distribution of medical facilities in the
central district of Kunming, and obtains the overlap rate (400%) and the coverage rate (88%).
Combined with the distribution of residential space in central district, the quantitative connection
between medical facilities and residential space is established, and the fair problems of the
layout are found in several aspects: insufficient quantity, uneven distribution and centralization
of better resource. According to these problems, the research uses Space Syntax (Partial
Integration Level) to analyze the current road system in Kunming City, and puts forward some
improving suggestions on the layout of medical facilities: lay out medical facilities relying on the
high integration level of road, construct classified the medical facilities, popularize and apply
remote basic medical model, strengthen Service-Oriented (SOD) model for guiding urban space
development.
In the paper, Firstly, through the literature and data query, it is found that the concentration
of Kunming population is obvious; public service facilities are one of the reasons for the
centralized urban congestion in the main city; the total amount of medical facilities has basically
reached the national standard level, but according to the actual investigation, residents outside
the Second Circle Road still have problems such as difficulty in meeting a doctor. Therefore,
the traditional statistical methods cannot objectively reflect the real situation of residents’
medical treatment. Planning medical facilities based on the “thousand indicators” may further
aggravate the problem of population concentration and aggravate the accumulation of urban
centers. Then, through the network analysis function of GIS, the study quantifies the status
quo of medical facilities and residential areas in Kunming, sets the service radius of medical
facilities to 1 000 m, finds the corresponding relationship between the two, and introduces
the concept of coverage and overlap rate. The current situation is described and analyzed, and
the gap in the medical environment of different living areas is obtained, that is, the fairness of
the medical environment. At last, using Depthmap10.0 analysis, the local integration map of
existing urban roads in Kunming is obtained. The integration degree value shows space unit and
all other spatial agglomeration and dispersion degree in the system, that is, the centrality of a
certain space relative to the rest of the urban space. The greater the integration value, the higher
the accessibility, and the greater the potential for spatial flow. According to the analysis of local
integration degree, the districts of Chenggong, Jinning, Wuhua, Guandu and Panlong all have
areas with cohesiveness and high accessibility. Therefore, medical facilities should be built on the basis of such roads and regions.
In summary, the distribution of medical facilities is important for each resident, and the unreasonable distribution will result in the phenomenon
of “different medical environments in the same city”, which will bring certain pressure to social stability. Through the analysis of the quantitative
connection between the current medical facilities layout and living space in the central area of Kunming City, it is found that the layout of urban
medical facilities is due to the deviation of public facilities planning and actual urban space expansion during urban development. Problems
that planning is lagging behind urban development are common in the process of urban space expansion. In urban expansion and new district
construction, in addition to the current Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) model, the role of Service-Oriented Development (SOD) should be
gradually strengthened, especially for the government. In the planning and construction of public facilities for financial investment, it is necessary to
carry out reasonable layout planning from its service efficiency and fairness, in order to improve the urban functional structure and guide the rational
expansion of the city. |
| Key words: Medical Facilities Special Layout Fairness Residence Kunming |
