| 摘要: |
| 当前我国老年人口增长迅猛，养
老服务资源分配不均问题日益凸显，深入
探究养老设施的配置合理性及其空间布局
的均衡性，对于保障老年人群体的基本需
求、促进社会公共资源的公平具有重要意
义。针对苏州市机构和社区居家养老设
施，以公平和效率为双重考量，借助地理
信息系统（GIS）从服务资源、可达性、
覆盖率三方面，运用基尼系数、两步移动
搜索法等方法对养老设施空间布局均衡性
进行量化和可视化；进一步为确定影响养
老设施布局均衡性的关键因素，收集多源
数据，并运用地理探测器、地理加权回
归（GWR）模型等探究养老设施空间布
局均衡分异的成因。结果表明：苏州市养
老设施相对合理；部分地区养老设施可达
的均衡性相对较差，服务范围交叠严重；
人口密度等6 个显著性因子具有空间异质
性，且对综合均衡性具有双向影响。研究
结果为养老设施布局和规划提供参考，也
为其他地理现象的均衡性分析提供思路
参考。 |
| 关键词: 均衡性 养老设施 空间布局 公平 效率 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20241224001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目（23YJAZH094） |
|
| Research on the spatial balance and influencing factors of urban elderly care facilities:Taking Suzhou City as an example |
|
LYU Fei,NIU Jinying,WEI Xiaofang
|
| Abstract: |
| Against the backdrop of increasingly severe population aging, which presents profound
challenges to socioeconomic systems globally, the issue of uneven distribution of elderly care service
resources has become critically prominent, particularly in rapidly urbanizing contexts. Conducting an indepth,
multidimensional investigation into the configuration rationality of elderly care facilities and the
spatial equity of their layout is therefore of paramount importance for effectively safeguarding the
fundamental needs of the growing elderly demographic and actively promoting the equitable allocation of
finite social public resources.This research is grounded in a comprehensive analysis of 2,057 institutional
and community-based home care facilities located within Suzhou, establishing equity and efficiency as
the foundational dual pillars of its analytical framework. The investigation leverages the advanced
computational and spatial visualization capabilities of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to conduct
a systematic quantification and sophisticated graphical representation of equity manifested in the
geographical distribution of these facilities. To ensure a multi-faceted assessment, the evaluation is
strategically organized around three pivotal dimensions: the quantitative and qualitative availability of
service resources, the geographical accessibility for the elderly population, and the spatial efficiency of
service coverage. Methodologically, the research integrates established spatial statistical tools, including
the Gini coefficient, a classical measure of inequality, and the more granular Two-Step Floating
Catchment Area (2SFCA) method, which calculates service provider-to-population ratios within defined
service areas.To further identify the key factors influencing the equity of elderly care facility layout, a
structured analytical framework comprising 14 carefully selected indicators was constructed. This
framework incorporated both socioeconomic data (such as per capita GDP, average housing prices, and
per capita disposable income) and built-environment data (including land use mix, density of medical
facilities, and spatial centrality of commercial areas). Subsequently, analytical tools including the
Geodetector and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model were applied to investigate the
causes of spatial differentiation in the equity of elderly care facility distribution. The Geodetector was
employed to assess the explanatory power of various influencing factors on the spatial variation of layout
equity, while the GWR model, which accounts for spatial heterogeneity, facilitated the analysis of how
the effects of these factors vary across different geographical regions. The study results reveal three
principal findings. First, the overall Gini coefficient of 0.369 7 for the distribution of elderly care facility
resources relative to the elderly population in Suzhou indicates a relatively equitable allocation, although
significant disparities persist in certain areas. Accessibility to facilities remains comparatively poor in
northern river-adjacent regions and southern Wujiang District. While facility coverage in Suzhou’s urban
core is generally high, severe service area overlaps are observed in several sub-districts, reflecting
inefficient resource distribution. Second, per capita GDP demonstrates a positive correlation with all
three evaluated dimensions: service resources, accessibility, and coverage. Conversely, population
density exerts a negative influence on the equity of service resource distribution and accessibility. Third,Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) results confirm that six indicators—per capita GDP, population density, road network density, medical facility
density, bus stop density, and land use mix—exhibit spatial heterogeneity in their effects on layout equity. These factors demonstrate bidirectional influences on
comprehensive equity, with varying impacts across different geographical contexts. The findings generated by this study possess significant practical
applicability as well as substantive theoretical value. From a practical standpoint, the results offer scientifically rigorous references and evidence-based
guidance for optimizing the spatial arrangement of elderly care facilities and for informing the development of future-oriented elderly care planning strategies
in Suzhou. By identifying specific gaps and inefficiencies in resource distribution, the research empowers decision-makers to implement targeted interventions,
thereby enhancing the overall fairness, equity, and operational efficiency of the city’s elderly care service system. On a theoretical level, the well-defined
research framework and the comprehensive analytical methodology employed—which systematically integrates GIS technology with a suite of advanced
quantitative tools, including the Gini coefficient, the Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method, the Geodetector, and the Geographically Weighted
Regression (GWR) model—provide innovative perspectives and robust methodological benchmarks for conducting equity analyses of other geographical
phenomena and spatial distributions. This approach offers fresh conceptual ideas and applicable procedural models for investigating the fairness inherent in the
allocation of various public facilities, such as schools, hospitals, and other essential services, thereby significantly enriching the application scope and analytical
power of spatial analysis methodologies within the broader field of public service resource allocation research. |
| Key words: balance elderly care facilities spatial layout fairness efficiency |
