| 摘要: |
| 随着人居环境研究的深入，
夜间光环境评价正逐步从规范导向型
向质量提升型转变。本研究创新性地
整合了夜空观测、地面实测及人体感
知等多维度评价方法，对全国首个国
际暗夜社区与城市典型住区开展了多
参数、多空间尺度的夜间光环境对比
研究。研究发现，暗夜社区上射光少、
照度低、色温低，光谱分布有利于植
物光合作用；相较之下，城市住区则
表现出较高的蓝光占比，干扰人类睡
眠。两者安全性和舒适性评价无显著
差异，但影响因素不同。结果表明，
万达华府的安全性与舒适性与照度、
植被量及交通量相关，而暗夜社区则
与照度、蓝光比指数（LoNNe）及空
间尺度相关。基于实证数据构建的感
知模型进一步揭示，地面水平照度对
两个区域光环境感知评价均产生正向
影响，而万达华府的光环境感知评价
与植被覆盖率呈负相关，暗夜社区的
光环境感知评价则与空间尺度呈负
相关。 |
| 关键词: 暗夜社区 光环境测量 城
市居住区 空间分布 主观评价 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20250403001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52178067） |
|
| Comparative analysis of the multi-dimensional light environment in international dark skycommunities and typical urban residential areas |
|
LI Ruicong,LIU Ming,MEI Lin,LIANG Zheng,LUO Yujie
|
| Abstract: |
| With advancing research on human settlements, nighttime light environment assessment is
transitioning from regulation-driven to quality-oriented approaches. This study innovatively integrates multidimensional
evaluation methods, including night sky observation, ground-based measurements, and human
perception, to conduct a comparative analysis of nighttime light environments across multiple parameters and
spatial scales. The research focuses on China’s first international dark sky community and a typical urban
residential area.The research methodology primarily focuses on three aspects: sky observation (including the
night sky layer and canopy layer), ground-based measurements, and public perception. First, the hierarchical
structure of urban nighttime light environments is preliminarily divided into three layers: the urban night sky
layer, the urban canopy layer, and the urban surface layer. In the sky observation component, emphasis is
placed on the night sky layer and the canopy layer. For the night sky layer, observations are conducted using
a digital camera equipped with a fisheye lens to capture full-sky data, with brightness conversion performed
using the SM system and DiCaLum software. For the canopy layer, vertical visualization analysis is
employed, and observations are divided into four phases in a time-series approach: daylight illumination,
daylight-to-artificial lighting transition, artificial lighting, and stable artificial lighting. A long-focal-length
LMK imaging luminance meter, tripod, and laptop-based full-sky observation system are used to photograph
and extract data from the nighttime light environment, generating luminance distribution maps to reveal the
regular variations in the overall urban canopy light environment. Second, ground-based light environments
are measured using instruments such as SQM, CL-500, and luminance meters. Metrics include
illuminance (ground-level horizontal illuminance, 1.5-meter-height horizontal illuminance, and ambient
illuminance), uniformity, color temperature, color rendering index, glare level, spectrum, and LoNNe index.
Measurements are taken by grid division (approximately 50 m) based on residential layouts and road scales,
while avoiding direct light interference from luminaires. Finally, perceptual evaluation of the light
environment is conducted, comprising questionnaire surveys and objective environmental quantification. The
questionnaire survey covers diverse age groups, genders, and educational backgrounds to ensure result
objectivity. Perceptual evaluations (safety, comfort, and brightness perception) employ a four-point Likert
scale (0-3 points). Objective environmental quantification (vegetation coverage, traffic volume, and spatial
scale) uses a 0-2-point scale. Key findings include: 1）Urban residential areas exhibit severe uplighting,
leading to higher night sky brightness, whereas the dark sky community shows lower brightness due to its
mountainous terrain effectively blocking light pollution from the city center, demonstrating the efficacy of
dark sky reserve construction. The temporal trends of canopy nighttime brightness in both areas are broadly
consistent: under natural lighting, the night sky and canopy layers exhibit high and stable brightness, while
the surface layer remains dim due to inactive artificial lighting; during transitional lighting, brightness in the
night sky and canopy layers gradually decreases, with fluctuations in the surface layer; in the artificial
lighting phase, surface layer brightness variability increases, while the night sky and canopy layers stabilize
below 0.1 cd/m2. 2) Significant differences exist between the dark sky community and Dalian Wanda Huafuin ground illuminance, 1.5 m height illuminance, and uniformity: the dark sky community has lower illuminance but comparable safety and comfort ratings,
along with superior energy efficiency. Its billboard color temperature averages below 3000 K, with brightness ~100 cd/m2 —far lower than Dalian’s urban
average. Despite similar perceived brightness, the dark sky community’s spectrum promotes plant photosynthesis more effectively, whereas Wanda Huafu’s
light sources have higher blue light proportions, potentially affecting melatonin secretion. 3) Nighttime activity frequency is higher in Shenzhen’s dark sky
community than in Wanda Huafu. Safety and comfort in Wanda Huafu are primarily influenced by illuminance, vegetation density, and traffic volume, whereas
the dark sky community is more affected by illuminance, LoNNe indices, and spatial scale. A perception model based on empirical data further confirms that
ground horizontal illuminance positively impacts light environment evaluations in both areas, while Wanda Huafu’s vegetation coverage and the dark sky
community’s spatial scale exhibit negative effects. |
| Key words: dark sky community light environment measurement urban residential area spatial distribution subjective evaluation |
