| 摘要: |
| 城市体检评估是城市人居环境品质
提升的重要抓手，其指标体系的科学性和针
对性至关重要。鉴于山地城市人居环境情形
显著区别于平原城市，亟需开展特色指标设
计，但现有针对山地城市特质及其指标构建
的系统研究仍较为匮乏，更遑论形成以指标
科学性与重要性为导向的设计方法体系，客
观上制约了特色指标在实践中的应用，并导
致体检评估失准与内容缺失。据此， 构
建“形态特征—作用机理—品质特性”的认
知框架，辨析山地城市人居环境特质，阐释
其人居环境建设所面临的特殊挑战；结合实
证分析和引入相关算法，探讨针对山地城市
体检评估的特色指标设计；并以重庆市中心
城区为例对特色指标作有效性检验。本文不
仅为山地城市特色指标设计提供方法参考，
也为其他情境下的特色指标科学构建提供
启示。 |
| 关键词: 山地城市 人居环境 城市体检评
估 特色指标 重庆市 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20260306002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目（52408054）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（52478042）；重庆市教委重大科研课题（KJZD-M202402501） |
|
| Designing specialized indicators for urban examination and evaluation in mountainouscities |
|
FANG Chenhao,ZHAO Wanmin,LI Yunyan,LIU Jingbo
|
| Abstract: |
| Urban examination and evaluation is an important policy instrument for assessing urban
development performance and improving the quality of urban human settlements. Its effectiveness
depends heavily on the scientific validity and contextual applicability of the indicator system. Existing
urban examination frameworks in China provide a systematic basis for monitoring urban
development, but many indicators are derived from general urban conditions and are more applicable
to cities on plains. Compared with such cities, mountainous cities are characterized by complex
terrain, large elevation differences, fragmented construction land, three-dimensional spatial
organization, and close interactions between natural elements and the built environment. These
characteristics influence daily mobility, facility accessibility, ecological security, landscape
perception, public-space use, and spatial safety. If they are not adequately reflected in the indicator
system, urban examination may produce inaccurate results or overlook important dimensions of
human settlement quality. This study focuses on the design of specialized indicators for urban
examination and evaluation in mountainous cities. It argues that such indicators should not be
developed by simply adding isolated local variables, but should be based on a systematic
understanding of mountainous urban characteristics and their effects on human settlement quality. To
this end, the study constructs an analytical framework of “morphological characteristics-mechanisms
of influence-quality attributes”. The framework identifies key morphological characteristics of
mountainous cities, such as terrain undulation, slope conditions, elevation variation, valley and river
corridors, and the spatial coupling of mountains, water, and urban construction. It then examines how
these characteristics affect urban functioning, including travel cost, service accessibility, landscape
visibility, ecological connectivity, recreational use, and exposure to spatial risks. Finally, it translates
these mechanisms into quality attributes that can be measured through urban examination indicators.
On this basis, the study follows a research path of “identifying distinctive features-analyzing
challenges-designing indicators”, linking the recognition of mountainous urban traits with the
construction of measurable evaluation tools. Methodologically, this study combines theoretical
analysis, empirical observation, spatial analysis, and algorithm-based measurement. It first identifies
the human settlement characteristics of mountainous cities and examines how terrain, slope, elevation
differences, mountain-city or mountain-water-city spatial patterns, and fragmented construction land
influence human settlement quality. It then analyzes five challenges related to mountain-characteristic
urban landscape and recreational spaces, public service coverage for older adults, road network
resilience, spatial-structure performance, and multidimensional human settlement quality evaluation.
Based on these challenges, the paper proposes specialized indicators adapted to mountainous urban
conditions, including indicators for high-quality landscape and recreational spaces, mountain-adapted
public service coverage, road network resilience, jobs – housing balance in continuous homogeneous
districts, greenway coverage, and diverse green recreational space coverage. These indicators
incorporate visibility analysis, slope-adjusted accessibility analysis, entrance-constrained service-areameasurement, road-network resilience simulation, and jobs–housing balance diagnosis. Taking the central urban area of Chongqing as a case study, this paper
compares traditional measurement approaches with the proposed mountain-adapted methods to examine the necessity and effectiveness of the specialized
indicators. The comparison shows that these indicators can better capture terrain-related constraints, service coverage deviations, spatial-structure problems, and
mountain-characteristic urban landscape and recreational spaces in mountainous cities. The study shows that specialized indicators can more accurately
characterize the human settlement characteristics of mountainous cities and provide more targeted technical support for urban examination and evaluation. Its
main contribution lies not only in proposing specific indicators, but also in developing an analytical framework of “morphological characteristics-mechanisms
of influence-quality attributes” and a research path of “identifying distinctive features-analyzing challenges-designing indicators”. These provide
methodological support for constructing specialized indicator systems adapted to mountainous conditions, and also offer references for specialized indicator
design in other urban contexts. However, the proposed indicators still have limitations in scope and generalizability. In addition, the empirical test is mainly
conducted at the administrative-district level; comparisons between traditional and proposed indicators at the scale of typical spatial units, as well as the
effectiveness of these indicators in supporting problem-area identification and differentiated planning strategies, still require further examination. |
| Key words: mountainous cities human settlements urban examination and evaluation specialized indicators Chongqing Municipality |
