| 摘要: |
| 在推进构建生育友好型社会背景
下，优化公共服务设施空间配置对支持生育
行为具有重要意义。基于计划行为理
论（TPB），引入“空间适配性”概念，构
建“空间适配性感知—心理认知—生育意
愿”分析框架，并采集微观问卷数据，运用
结构方程模型实证检验。研究发现，空间适
配性主要通过感知行为控制（PBC）影响生
育决策，其核心在于提升育儿可控感。职住
分离引发的时空约束主要通过干预资源可控
感阻滞效能转化，且不同群体诉求异质性显
著。据此，建议规划范式从“指标覆盖”转
向“精准适配”，构建嵌入式、分群体的差
异化设施网络，通过空间赋能增强育龄女性
的育儿可控感。 |
| 关键词: 设施空间适配性 计划行为理论 育龄女性 生育决策 规划策略 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20260325002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目（24YJA630010）；自然资源部国土空间智能规划技术重点实验室开放课题（20240303） |
|
| Impact of facility spatial adaptability on the behavior of childbearing-age women based onthe TPB Model |
|
CHEN Xu,XIONG Chun
|
| Abstract: |
| In the context of promoting a fertility-friendly society, optimizing the spatial configuration
of public service facilities holds considerable significance for supporting reproductive behavior.
China’s demographic transition has entered a phase of structural decline, yet existing research has
predominantly focused on economic subsidies and leave entitlements, paying scant attention to the
built environment perspective and the intrinsic nexus between facility spatial layout and individual
fertility decision-making. Conventional planning studies have largely relied upon GIS and POI data to
analyze physical accessibility, neglecting users’ subjective perceptions and the structural mismatch
between supply and demand. Drawing upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study
introduces “spatial adaptability” to construct an analytical framework of “perceived spatial
adaptability-psychological cognition-fertility intention”. Spatial adaptability is defined as the degree
of match between the location, function, accessibility, and operational conditions of fertility-support
facilities and the needs and daily trajectories of childbearing-age women. It transcends simplistic
metrics of quantity and spatial distribution, emphasizing the effective embedding of facilities into the
continuous activity chain of residence, employment, and commuting. Drawing on the Stimulus-
Organism-Response (S-O-R) paradigm, spatial adaptability is treated as an external environmental
stimulus, which exerts its influence on fertility intention through the mediating transmission of
behavioral attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control.The Fuzhou High-Tech Zone,
characterized by a concentration of young professionals and pronounced jobs-housing separation, was
selected as the empirical study area. A field survey among women aged 15-49 yielded 464 valid
questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM), independent-samples
t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Bootstrap mediation analysis, and propensity score matching (PSM) were
employed. The findings indicate that respondents’ overall perception of spatial adaptability is at a
moderate level (Mean=3.54), exhibiting a structural differentiation of “convenience predominance,
functional deficiency, and cost constraint”. Convenience adaptability scored the highest (Mean=3.66),
whereas functional adaptability scored the lowest (Mean=3.43), primarily constrained by the
misalignment between service hours and commuting rhythms. Nulliparous women are more sensitive
to cost adaptability (t=3.42, p<0.05), whereas parous women place higher demands on functional
adaptability (t=2.15, p<0.05). Lower-income households exhibit an urgent need for inclusive public
spaces, while higher-income groups shift toward high-quality and diversified services. This
heterogeneity exposes the structural mismatch between the homogeneous supply model and
differentiated needs. Samples with one-way commuting exceeding 45 minutes scored 0.31 standard
deviations lower in perceived behavioral control than those within 30 minutes, indicating that “spatial
friction” from jobs-housing separation impedes the efficacy of fertility-support facilities.SEM results
demonstrate that spatial adaptability exerts significant positive effects on all three psychological
variables, with the strongest effect on subjective norms (β =0.562, p<0.05), followed by perceivedbehavioral control (β=0.510, p<0.001), and the weakest on behavioral attitude (β=0.464, p<0.001). Among the psychological variables influencing fertility
intention, perceived behavioral control (β=0.327) demonstrates the most pronounced impact, significantly exceeding subjective norms (β=0.296) and behavioral
attitude (β =0.277). Bootstrap analysis confirms that the mediation pathway via perceived behavioral control contributes the highest proportion (36.18%),
indicating that spatial adaptability primarily empowers fertility intention by enhancing women’s sense of parenting control. Heterogeneity tests reveal that longdistance
commuting mainly obstructs the translation of “resource controllability” (F=1.826, p=0.016), corroborating that facility layouts must be embedded into
the continuous activity chain of “residence-employment-commuting” to achieve substantive efficacy. The PSM robustness check further confirms that, after
controlling for individual characteristics, the positive association between spatial adaptability and fertility intention remains stable.Based on these findings, this
study proposes that the planning paradigm should shift from “indicator coverage” to “precise adaptation.” Three spatial prototypes are restructured along the
high-frequency activity chain: a community-embedded type ensuring inclusive childcare slots reach no less than 60%; a park-embedded type constructing a
300~500 meter childcare service circle within industrial clusters with elastically extended hours; and a node-transfer type inserting short-term childcare and
maternal-infant services at transit hubs. Concurrently, a tiered supply mechanism should be established: strengthening the inclusive baseline at the community
and node ends to alleviate cost anxiety for lower-income groups, while introducing market-oriented high-standard services at the employment end to meet
refined quality demands of higher-income groups. Through spatial empowerment, the sense of parenting control among childbearing-age women can be
substantively enhanced, providing decision-making reference for the spatial governance of a fertility-friendly society. |
| Key words: spatial adaptability of facilities Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) childbearing-age women reproductive decision-making planning strategy |
