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| 基于SBE-GIS 耦合模型的地质公园视觉景观评价与优化
研究 |
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林墨飞1, 连艺霏2, 李珍3, 关雅文2
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1.（通讯作者）：大连理工大学建筑与艺术学院，教授，murphylinlu@dlut.edu.cn;2.大连理工大学建筑与艺术学院，硕士研究生;3.大连理工大学建筑与艺术学院，博士研究生
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| 摘要: |
| 地质公园是展现地质遗迹风貌的主要
载体，也是践行生态文明发展理念的重要典
范。从视觉景观层面对地质公园内地质遗迹资
源进行评价，有助于评估其资源潜力并促进景
观的优化整合。以新疆乌伦古湖雅丹地质公园
为例，运用基于SBE-GIS 耦合模型的景观视觉
评价方法对研究区域内11 处观景点视域进行量
化评价，采用IPA分析法构建主观偏好评价—客
观视觉景观敏感度矩阵，根据评价结果将其划分
为四类区域并提出相应优化建议，结果表明：第
一，“视觉景观关键区”主要分布在雅丹地质遗
迹核心区域，应重点维护该区域地质景观原貌同
时优化植被景观；第二，“优先改造区”主要位
于雅丹地质遗迹景观次核心区，应集中其优势资
源进行景观优化提升；第三，“次优先改进区”
主要位于距雅丹景观远景带区域，且多分布在湖
岸观景带，应实行针对性景观干预和生态保护措
施，提升其景观价值和场地功能性；第四，“自
然发展区”主要分布在无法观看到地质景观区
域，不宜投入过多资源。通过主客观相结合的评
价方法增强了景区视觉景观评价的全面性，为地
质公园高质量发展及景点的保护性优化提供了
科学依据。 |
| 关键词: SBE-GIS 耦合模型 地质公园 雅丹
地质遗迹 视觉景观评价 美景度 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240904003 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目（20BMZ155） |
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| Research on visual landscape evaluation and optimization of geopark based on SBE-GIScoupling model |
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LIN Mofei,LIAN Yifei,LI Zhen,GUAN Yawen
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| Abstract: |
| Geoparks serve as the primary carriers of geological relics and constitute an important
model for practicing the concept of ecological civilization development, playing an irreplaceable
role in protecting rare geological heritage, promoting public ecological education, driving regional
green economic development, and maintaining ecological balance. As a unique type of geological
landscape formed by long-term wind erosion and water erosion, Yadan landforms are not only of
great scientific research value for studying regional geological evolution and climate change but
also possess high ornamental value due to their bizarre shapes and distinctive spatial patterns.
Evaluating the geological heritage resources of geoparks from the perspective of visual landscape
not only helps to scientifically assess their resource potential, aesthetic value, and tourist attraction
but also provides targeted practical guidance for promoting the optimal integration of landscape
resources, resolving the contradiction between protection and utilization, and realizing the
coordinated and sustainable development of the ecological environment and tourism economy.
Taking the Yadan geological relics of Wulungu Lake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as the
research object, this area is located in the northern part of the Junggar Basin, featuring a unique
combination of Yadan landforms and lacustrine wetlands, with complex and diverse landscape
types and significant spatial differences in viewing effects. This study fully considered the unique
geographical environment, structural characteristics of the geological landscape, spatial
distribution pattern, and actual viewing experience of tourists in the study area. A landscape visual
evaluation method based on the SBE-GIS coupling model was adopted, which innovatively
combined the subjective aesthetic evaluation of the landscape (SBE method) with the objective
spatial analysis technology (GIS). Specifically, the SBE method was used to invite professional
landscape architects, geological researchers, and ordinary tourists to conduct aesthetic scoring of
the 11 typical viewing points, quantifying the subjective perception of the landscape; while GIS
technology was applied to carry out visual domain analysis, landscape sensitivity evaluation, and
spatial superposition analysis of the study area, objectively measuring the visibility, spatial scope,
and environmental impact of the landscape. Through the mutual verification and integration of
subjective and objective data, a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the 11 typical
viewing points in the study area was conducted. On the basis of the evaluation results, considering
factors such as landscape quality, ornamental value, development potential, and ecological
sensitivity, the study area was divided into four types of functional areas, and targeted optimization
suggestions and scientific management strategies were put forward for each type of area. The
research results show that: 1) the “key areas of visual landscape” are mainly concentrated in the
core area of Yadan geological relics, where the Yadan landforms are well-preserved, presenting astrong visual impact. These areas have superior landscape quality, strong uniqueness, and high ornamental value, and are the core attractions of the geopark that
attract tourists. Therefore, priority should be given to strictly protecting the original appearance of the geological landscape, prohibiting any form of destructive
development and excessive human interference, and simultaneously optimizing the surrounding vegetation landscape configuration—selecting drought-tolerant,
native plant species to avoid the invasion of exotic species, and constructing a shrub-grass composite community that is coordinated with the Yadan landforms
—to enhance the overall aesthetic effect and ecological stability of the area. 2) The “priority transformation area” is mainly located in the sub-core area of the
Yadan geological relics landscape. Although these areas are close to the core landscape and have certain landscape resources and development potential. It is
necessary to concentrate superior resources for targeted landscape optimization and upgrading: improve the design of viewing platforms, increase the number of
multi-angle viewing positions, and ensure unobstructed views; rationalize tourist routes to avoid congestion and reduce environmental pressure; upgrade and
renovate humanistic facilities such as signs and rest pavilions, adopting ecological and environmentally friendly materials to enhance the matching degree with
the natural landscape; and properly add scientific popularization interpretation signs to enrich tourists' cognitive experience. 3) The “sub-priority improvement
area” is mainly distributed in the prospect zone of the Yadan landscape, mostly concentrated in the lakeshore viewing zone. These areas are affected by factors
such as limited landscape visibility, fragile lakeshore ecological environment, and single functional configuration, resulting in relatively low comprehensive
landscape value. Targeted landscape intervention and ecological protection measures should be implemented: take measures such as clearing local obstructive
vegetation and optimizing terrain to improve the transparency of the viewing field and enhance the visibility of the Yadan core landscape; strengthen the
protection of the lakeshore ecological environment, adopt ecological revetment technologies to prevent soil erosion, and protect the habitat of aquatic
organisms; enrich the functional layout of the site, add ecological observation platforms, waterfront leisure trails, and other facilities to meet the diverse needs
of tourists, and comprehensively improve the landscape value and service capacity of the area. 4) The “natural development areas” are mainly distributed in
regions where the geological landscape cannot be directly observed. Their landscape ornamental value and tourism development potential are relatively limited,
and excessive human, material, and financial resources should not be invested in large-scale development and transformation. Instead, the principle of natural
restoration should be adhered to, the original ecological environment should be maintained, and human interference should be minimized; ecological protection
red lines should be delineated to prohibit illegal construction and resource exploitation; regular ecological monitoring should be carried out to dynamically
grasp the changes in the ecological environment, so as to realize the ecological buffer function of the area and provide ecological support for the core landscape
area. In general, this study effectively enhances the comprehensiveness, scientificity, and practicality of the visual landscape evaluation of the scenic spot by
integrating subjective aesthetic perception and objective spatial analysis methods, which overcomes the one-sidedness of single subjective or objective
evaluation. This is of great significance for promoting the sustainable utilization of geological heritage resources, realizing the organic unity of ecological
protection, scientific research, and tourism development, and further promoting the in-depth practice of the concept of ecological civilization. |
| Key words: SBE-GIS coupling model geoparks Yadan geological relics visual landscape evaluation great views |
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