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| 精益城市主义：国外理论与实践研究 |
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黄晶涛1, 韩雨诗2, 刘莹3, 盛明洁4
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1.天津大学建筑学院，天津大学福州国际联合学院，天津大学—晋江市人民政府创新发展“晋江经验”城市空间联合研究中心，
教授，博士生导师;2.天津大学建筑学院，硕士研究生;3.天津华汇工程建筑设计有限公司，高级规划师;4.（通讯作者）：天津大学建筑学院，天津大学福州国际联合学院，天津大学—晋江市人民政府创新发展“晋江经验”城市空间
联合研究中心，副教授，mingjie.sheng@tju.edu.cn
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| 摘要: |
| 在存量提质与经济换挡的双重时代
背景下，探索可持续的城市更新路径成为学
界与实践界的重要议题。本文旨在系统引介
源于美国的“精益城市主义”这一新兴更新
模式，该模式强调小规模、低成本与渐进式
推进，通过减轻监管障碍，吸引中小企业和
个人参与，降低政府财务负担，推动城市可
持续更新。文章采用理论梳理与案例分析方
法，首先阐述其产生背景与发展脉络，进而
解析其概念内涵、工具包与操作步骤，并以
底特律为例，从更新策略和政策保障两方面
分析其实践成效。结论表明，精益城市主义
在激发市场与社会力量、促进可持续更新方
面具有显著优势。基于此，本文探讨了其对
中国城市更新的启示，以期为中国未来创新
城市更新路径提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 精益城市主义 粉红区 城市更
新 可持续发展 中小企业 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20250609004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学一般项目（25YJA630065）；天津大学科技创新领军人才培育“攀登计划”项目（31343）；中国博士后科学基金资助项目（2024M752369） |
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| Lean urbanism：Progress in the research and practice abroad |
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HUANG Jingtao,HAN Yushi,LIU Ying,SHENG Mingjie
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| Abstract: |
| After a period of rapid expansion, China’s urbanization process has entered a new phase
focused on enhancing the quality of existing urban stock. This transition coincides with a period of
economic growth deceleration. Under the background, urban renewal exhibits three major trends:
firstly, renewal projects are becoming smaller in scale and lower in cost to address dual constraints of
space and funding; secondly, funding increasingly relies on social capital to alleviate government debt
pressures; thirdly, institutional frameworks face transformation pressures, as existing regulations
struggle to accommodate the flexible demands of stock renewal. Therefore, key questions requiring
urgent exploration by both academia and practitioners include: how to effectively advance small-scale
project implementation, broadly guide social capital participation, and systematically optimize
institutional frameworks. Lean urbanism originated in the United States as a small-scale, incremental,
low-cost urban renewal movement. Its core principle lies in streamlining policies and regulations to
lower barriers for small and medium-sized enterprises, attract social capital investment, and act
swiftly to complete infill development on small parcels. In international academic circles, the concept
of “lean urbanism” was first proposed by Hank Dittmar in 2014. Dittmar defined Lean Urbanism as a
complementary theory bridging new urbanism and tactical urbanism. From 2014 to 2015, research on
lean urbanism proliferated rapidly. Multiple scholars expanded its conceptual framework from
perspectives including urban governance, infrastructure, construction practices, and professional
education. Hank Dittmar further systematized lean urbanism by defining its seven core dimensions.
From 2015 to the present, research on lean urbanism has taken on a stronger critical and
interdisciplinary character. Numerous scholars have extended its conceptual scope to encompass
“right to the city ”, social equity and justice, and the lineage of “bottom-up urbanism”. Compared to
the west, domestic academic research on lean urbanism remains limited. There has been no systematic
exploration of its conceptual dimensions, operational mechanisms, or toolkit. At the application level,
existing domestic literature primarily focuses on introducing case studies of New Urbanism and
Tactical Urbanism, with little attention yet directed toward lean urbanism. Therefore, this paper
systematically traces the emergence and developmental trajectory of lean urbanism. Its origins stem
from reflections within the American urban planning community on both new urbanism and tactical
urbanism, serving as a complementary approach to both. While new urbanism emphasizes systemic
reform and spatial design, it suffers from issues of lag and high costs; tactical urbanism excels in
temporary, critical interventions but lacks sustainability and institutional safeguards. Lean urbanism
bridges this gap by employing “lean seam” strategies that balance systemic order with operational
agility, forming a pilot renewal model centered on “pink zone”. Conceptually, lean urbanism
encompasses seven dimensions: lean development, lean governing，lean infrastructure, lean business,
lean green, lean building, and lean education. These dimensions construct a comprehensive theoretical
framework addressing development processes, governance structures, infrastructure upgrades,
commercial revitalization, ecological resilience, architectural design, and professional education. Itsimplementation centers on “pink zone” through four steps: lean scan (asset and obstacle identification), delineating pink zone boundaries, convening pink zone
workshops, and implementation with oversight. Additionally, lean urbanism provides five open-source toolkits—lean code tool, lean comp plan tool, housing
hacking catalog, financial model, and lean financing tool—supporting project execution through regulatory simplification, planning processes, spatial
strategies, financial modeling, and funding channels. And then, this paper takes Detroit, USA, as a case study to thoroughly analyze the application and
outcomes of lean urbanism in practice. By selecting three representative commercial corridors as pilot pink zones, Detroit formulated near-term and long-term
renewal strategies. At the policy level, it promoted the “mixtape zoning,” streamlined approval processes, and introduced diversified financing mechanisms.
These efforts successfully revitalized historic buildings, humanized street renovations, and redeveloped vacant land, providing a viable pathway for urban
recovery. The research findings indicate that while lean urbanism has demonstrated significant effectiveness in stimulating community vitality and lowering
participation barriers, it still faces limitations in project implementation, long-term impact assessment, and cross-context applicability. Based on China’s urban
regeneration realities, this paper proposes several insights: in terms of spatial strategies, China could adopt its micro-regeneration approaches for underutilized
land; regarding planning pilots, it is recommended to establish “special zones for lean regeneration” as policy testing grounds; in funding and participation
mechanisms, China should promote government-guided diverse capital alliances and community-led regeneration models, while streamlining approval
processes to enhance implementation efficiency. Finally, this paper argues that a localized methodology and toolkit for lean urbanism should be developed in
the future. This approach would promote the coordinated advancement of policy optimization and spatial practices while establishing a long-term tracking and
evaluation system. Such efforts aim to provide valuable insights and references for urban renewal initiatives under China’s high-quality development
objectives. |
| Key words: lean urbanism pink zone urban renewal sustainable development small and medium-sized enterprises |
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