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| 高密度城市三维建成环境与绿地空间格局协调关系及其
非线性驱动机制研究 |
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周媛1, 陈明坤2, 罗于舒3, 黎贝4, 曹建鹏5
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1.（通讯作者）：西南民族大学建筑与设计学院，教授，zhouyuan840205@163.com;2.成都市公园城市建设发展研究院，教授级高级工程师;3.西南民族大学建筑与设计学院，硕士研究生;4.西南民族大学建筑与设计学院，实验师;5.成都市公园城市建设发展研究院
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| 摘要: |
| 快速城市化和立体增密开发使高
密度城市建成环境与绿地空间格局的协调
识别和优化成为重要议题。本文以成都市
中心城区为对象，揭示三维建成环境与绿
地空间格局的协调关系及其驱动机制。在
统一网格尺度下，构建三维建成环境与绿
地空间格局综合评价体系，综合采用空间
统计、耦合协调度模型与XGBoost-SHAP
方法，识别二者的空间分异、协调状态及
非线性驱动特征。结果表明：绿地沿生态
廊道和生态本底优势区集聚，高强度立体
开发沿城市发展轴和核心功能区集聚，二
者存在明显空间错位；研究区整体以初级
协调为主，高值区分布于生态优势板块，
低值区集中于高强度开发片区；建筑体积
空间密度、最大斑块指数和容积率是影响
协调状态的关键因子，且呈显著非线性和
阈值特征。研究结果可为高密度城区生态
空间优化、分区治理与差异化调控提供量
化依据。 |
| 关键词: 高密度城市 三维建成环境 绿
地空间格局 协调状态 非线性驱动 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20260214004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52078440）；成都市哲学社会科学规划项目（2024BZ165）；西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费
专项资金项目（ZYN2026127） |
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| Coordinated relationship between green space spatial patterns and the three-dimensionalbuilt environment in high-density cities and its nonlinear driving mechanisms |
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ZHOU Yuan,CHEN Mingkun,LUO Yushu,LI Bei,CAO Jianpeng
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| Abstract: |
| Rapid urbanization and intensified vertical densification have made the coordinated
optimization of the three-dimensional built environment(3DBE) and green space spatial pattern(GSSP) a
critical issue in high-density cities. In this context, the contradiction between urban development and
ecological protection is no longer limited to two-dimensional land occupation, but increasingly manifests
through the ways in which vertical development intensity, spatial enclosure, and morphological
heterogeneity reshape ecological space, openness conditions, and landscape organization. Taking the
central urban area of Chengdu as the study area, this paper aims to reveal the coordination status between
3DBE and GSSP, as well as its nonlinear driving mechanism, within a unified spatial framework.
Chengdu provides a representative case because it combines high development intensity, a complex
urban spatial form, and a relatively strong ecological foundation under the “Park City” strategy. Its
central urban area is characterized by intensive population agglomeration, high-density construction, and
increasing vertical differentiation, while ecological restoration and green space improvement have
become important components of urban governance. At a unified grid scale, this study constructs a
comprehensive evaluation framework integrating indicators of structure, form, and landscape
configuration for both 3DBE and GSSP. Spatial statistical analysis, a coupling coordination degree
model, and XGBoost-SHAP are employed to identify spatial differentiation, evaluate coordination status,
and detect key drivers and threshold effects. The results indicate significant spatial differentiation and
mismatch between 3DBE and GSSP in the central urban area of Chengdu. Green space is mainly
distributed along ecological corridors and peripheral ecological areas, showing a directional and
relatively continuous aggregation pattern. In contrast, high-intensity vertical development is concentrated
along major urban development axes and core functional districts, with a clear tendency toward axial
concentration and outward diffusion. This spatial mismatch constitutes an important basis for the uneven
coordination status across the study area. Both systems exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity, but their
organizational logics differ substantially. GSSP indicators are more strongly constrained by ecological
background conditions and continuous green systems, whereas 3DBE is more strongly shaped by
development intensity and functional agglomeration. In addition, 3DBE indicators are generally highly
associated with GSSP indicators, especially with landscape metrics such as fragmentation, patch size, and
edge characteristics, suggesting that the influence of 3DBE on GSSP is mainly reflected in the
restructuring of green space configuration rather than merely in changes in green quantity. In densely
developed areas, reduced spatial openness may further constrain local ventilation and daylight access. In
terms of coordination status, the study area is overall dominated by primary coordination, although localmismatch remains evident. High-value areas are mainly distributed in ecologically advantageous zones, including the Longquan Mountain area, the ring
ecological belt, farmland patches, and the surroundings of major parks, where relatively complete ecological bases and continuous green space systems support
a comparatively stable coordination status. By contrast, low-value areas are concentrated in high-intensity development zones, industrial sectors, and rapidly
expanding new urban districts, where excessive development intensity, green space fragmentation, and insufficient spatial openness tend to overlap. The overall
pattern can therefore be summarized as dispersed high values and contiguous low values, indicating pronounced intra-urban spatial disparities. Although the
study area has generally moved beyond severe antagonism between development and ecology, its overall coordination status remains at a transitional stage from
basic matching to stable synergy. The nonlinear driving mechanism analysis shows that coordination status is jointly shaped by a limited number of key
structural factors. Building volumetric spatial density, the largest patch index, and floor area ratio are identified as the most important variables, while building
height heterogeneity also plays an important role. Compared with linear regression, XGBoost provides stronger explanatory power, indicating that the
formation of coordination status cannot be adequately captured by linear models alone. SHAP results further reveal significant nonlinear and thresholddependent
effects. In particular, building volumetric spatial density, floor area ratio, and the largest patch index all exhibit clear threshold characteristics: their
contributions to coordination status are weak or even negative at low values, become positive after surpassing certain thresholds, and then show diminishing
marginal effects in higher ranges. These findings suggest that the relationship between 3DBE and GSSP in high-density cities is not a simple trade-off, but is
regulated by the structural matching among development intensity, spatial form, openness conditions, and green space configuration. Overall, this study
incorporates 3DBE into a unified analytical framework for examining urban ecological spatial relationships, and conceptualizes its interaction with GSSP as the
coordination status between two categories of spatial attributes within the same spatial unit. The findings suggest that ecological space optimization in highdensity
cities should pay greater attention to the structural matching and coordinated configuration among development intensity, spatial form, and GSSP. The
results provide a quantitative reference for ecological space optimization, spatial zoning governance, and differentiated regulation in high-density urban areas. |
| Key words: high-density city three-dimensional built environment green space spatial pattern coordination status nonlinear driving mechanism |
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