| 摘要: |
| 城市降温对人类健康和户外城市
空间生活质量具有重要性，随着城市热环
境的持续恶化，对城市降温的需求日益迫
切。城市街区形态和局地小气候对室外热
舒适性有重要影响，对局地小气候和街区
形态的分析可以帮助更好地理解和改善城
市环境热舒适性。因此，本文选取西北内
陆干旱区乌鲁木齐市有代表性的区域作为
研究区，借助实地监测、ArcGIS10.8 地理
空间可视化、相关性分析等，揭示城市街
区形态和局地小气候对室外热舒适性的影
响。结果表明：第一，随着监测时间的变
化，太阳辐射的不断吸收导致气温升高，
热舒适性出现峰值；且秋季热舒适性的季
节变化幅度大于夏季；第二，温度、湿度
和风速对室外热舒适性有着显著的影响，
温度对热舒适性的影响大于湿度和风速；
第三，城市形态对热舒适性的影响错综复
杂，季节变化和土地利用差异会对热舒适
性产生不同的影响，且随着缓冲区的逐渐
增加，城市形态指标与热舒适性的相关程
度逐渐增大。 |
| 关键词: 街区形态 热舒适性 乌鲁木齐
市 小气候 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240815002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目（2022D01A212）；国家自然科学基金项目(41861033） |
|
| Study on the influence of urban block morphology on outdoor thermal comfort in Urumqi City |
|
CHEN Xuegang,ZHAO Mei,LI Yong,FAN Jiayu,LIU Yujie
|
| Abstract: |
| With the accelerating pace of global urbanization and the escalating severity of climate warming,
urban thermal environment problems have become increasingly prominent, particularly the urban heat island
effect and outdoor thermal comfort issues. Thermal comfort, as a crucial indicator for gauging the quality of the
urban human settlement environment, has drawn escalating attention. Nevertheless, the current research on the
influence of urban morphology on outdoor thermal comfort in the mid-temperate continental arid climate zone
is relatively scarce. This study takes Urumqi as the object and explores the impact of urban morphology on
outdoor thermal comfort through on-site mobile monitoring and relevant analyses, with the aim of providing a
scientific basis for urban planning and the improvement of the human settlement environment in arid areas.The
study selected a typical area in Shuimogou District of Urumqi as the research object, where the architectural
forms are diverse, with high-rise and low-rise buildings interlaced. The experimental data were acquired
through on-site mobile monitoring. The monitoring instruments were fixed on an electric vehicle and moved at
a constant speed along the preset route, with fixed monitoring points established for data calibration. The
monitoring was carried out in summer (from July 12th to 15th, 2023) and autumn (from October 11th to 13th,
2023), covering the morning, noon, and evening periods. Wet black globe temperature (WBGT) and heat
index (HI) were employed as evaluation indicators for thermal comfort, and spatial and correlation
analyses were conducted using ArcGIS software. The average WBGT in summer was 21.10℃ , and the
average HI was 27.40℃; in autumn, the average WBGT was 13.41℃, and the average HI was 17.25℃.
Overall, thermal comfort peaked at noon and was lower in the morning and evening. The seasonal
variation of thermal comfort in autumn was greater than that in summer, mainly due to the shorter duration
of sunlight and the faster rate of temperature decline in autumn. This indicates that the reduction in solar
radiation has a more significant impact on thermal comfort in autumn. In summer, the low-value areas of
thermal comfort were mainly concentrated in areas with high-rise buildings and superior greenery, while
the high-value areas were distributed in areas with low-rise, dense buildings and low green coverage. In
autumn, the low-value areas of thermal comfort were consistent with those in summer, but the highvalue
areas were more complex, mainly influenced by the combined effects of building height,
density, and green coverage. This implies that the influence of urban morphology on thermal comfort
varies by season, and the roles of building height and green coverage differ under different seasonal
climatic conditions. Air temperature (Ta), wind speed were significantly positively correlated with
thermal comfort, while relative humidity (RH) was significantly negatively correlated. Among them,
Ta had the most significant impact on thermal comfort. This suggests that in arid climate zones, air
temperature is the key meteorological factor influencing thermal comfort, while the influence of humidity
is relatively minor. In summer, the average building height (BH_mean), green coverage ratio (GCR), and sky
view factor (SVF) were negatively correlated with thermal comfort, while the floor area ratio (FAR) and
building density (BCR) were positively correlated; in autumn, BH_mean, BCR, and GCR were negatively
correlated with WBGT, while FAR and SVF were positively correlated with WBGT. As the buffer radius
increased, the correlation between urban morphology and thermal comfort gradually intensified. Thisindicates that the influence of urban morphology on thermal comfort varies by season, and the roles of building height and green coverage differ under different
seasonal climatic conditions. This study demonstrates that the thermal comfort of Urumqi is significantly affected by meteorological factors and urban
morphology. Air temperature is the key meteorological factor influencing thermal comfort, and the influence of urban morphology on thermal comfort varies by
season. Areas with high-rise buildings and high green coverage have better thermal comfort in summer, but may have lower thermal comfort in autumn due to the
"shadow effect". The study recommends that in urban planning, the height and density of buildings should be rationally controlled, green coverage should be
increased, and the urban spatial layout should be optimized to enhance outdoor thermal comfort. Future research will further extend the monitoring period,
covering more seasons and regions, to assess the impact of urban morphology on thermal comfort more comprehensively. |
| Key words: block form thermal comfort Urumqi microclimate |
