| The health of adolescents is a pivotal cornerstone for social development. In the context of
rapid urbanization and evolving educational paradigms, the physical and mental health of school-aged
children has become a critical concern. However, current primary and secondary school construction
and management lack a comprehensive, systematically structured health evaluation framework,
leading to significant uncertainties and inefficiencies in practical implementation. Previous healthy
school promotion efforts predominantly focused on health management strategies, including disease
prevention programs, health education curricula, and medical service provisions. While these
initiatives effectively enhanced students' health awareness and prevented common diseases, they
overlooked the profound impact of the spatial environment on health promotion. The design of school
buildings, classrooms, playgrounds, and other facilities often fails to incorporate health - promoting
principles, contributing to prevalent student health issues such as myopia, obesity, musculoskeletal
disorders, and mental health problems. This study is designed to fill this significant gap by
constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system for healthy primary and secondary schools.
The research has two overarching objectives: first, to provide evidence-based, quantifiable, and
actionable guidance for school construction projects, enabling architects, planners, and educational
administrators to make informed decisions; second, to establish a robust theoretical foundation for the
formulation of the Evaluation Standards for Healthy Primary and Secondary Schools, which can
serve as a benchmark for future school construction and management.This study aims to fill this gap
by constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system for healthy primary and secondary schools.
Its dual objectives are to provide evidence-based, quantifiable guidance for school construction
projects, enabling informed decision - making for architects, planners, and administrators, and to
establish a robust theoretical foundation for formulating the Evaluation Standards for Healthy
Primary and Secondary Schools.To accurately determine the relative importance of each factor within
the index system, ten experts with extensive experience in the fields of healthy building design,
environmental health, and educational facility planning were invited to participate in a series of
pairwise comparison exercises. The comparisons were conducted using the 1-9 scale method, a
commonly used technique in AHP for quantifying subjective judgments. The collected data were then
processed using the geometric mean method to ensure the reliability and validity of the results.
Subsequently, the processed data were input into the yaahp 10.0 software to construct 46 judgment
matrices. Through rigorous weight calculations and consistency testing procedures, the weight
coefficients of each index were accurately determined, ensuring the scientific rigor of the index
system.The research results unveil a clear hierarchical structure of importance among the indicators.
At the criterion layer, the healthy environment emerges as the most critical factor, underscoring the
paramount importance of creating a safe, clean, and healthy physical environment for students. This is
closely followed by nutrition and diet, highlighting the significance of providing healthy food options
in school canteens. Sports, environmental comfort, and humanistic care, while relatively less
dominant, still form an integral part of the index system, contributing to the overall health and wellbeing
of students. At the domain layer, the air environment is identified as the sole core domain,emphasizing the crucial role of air quality in school health. The water environment and food safety are classified as important domains, further highlighting the need to
ensure the safety and quality of water and food provided in schools. In the indicator layer, air quality, food quality, and water quality constitute the core indicator group,
which should be given top priority in school construction and management.In conclusion, the design and construction of healthy primary and secondary schools should
adhere to the principle of “core indicator priority-full cycle management-multi-path collaboration”. This principle entails prioritizing the control of basic health elements,
such as air, water, and food safety, through strategic site selection, the use of low-volatile organic compound (VOC) building materials, and optimized functional zoning.
Full-cycle management, encompassing the entire process from initial planning and design to construction and long-term operation, is essential for maximizing health
benefits at every stage. Multi-path collaboration, involving the integration of sports facilities into common areas, the creation of multifunctional learning
spaces, and the promotion of social interaction, can significantly enhance space utilization efficiency and the intensity of health interventions. The evaluation
index system developed in this study provides a solid scientific and quantitative basis for theoretical research, standard setting, and practical applications in the
construction of healthy primary and secondary schools. It is expected to make significant contributions to improving the health and well-being of teachers and
students, as well as promoting the standardized and sustainable development of healthy campus construction. |
