| 摘要: |
| 近百年来，在不同阶段，TOD规划
均具有面向城市全域优化城市空间结构的意
图与价值。但中国以往的TOD实践，更加关
注站点地区，而对城市总体层面的系统规划
关注相对不足。研究提出：从历史视角进行
回溯，在综述研究的基础上，将全域视角下
TOD规划的历史演进分为4 个阶段，总结全
域视角下TOD模式3 个方面的发展趋势，以
及智慧城市与TOD模式融合3 个方面的规划
模式转变。研究表明：当前智慧城市的发展
建设成为趋势，在国土空间规划转型发展的
背景下，TOD依然是一种重要的城市规划模
式，面向未来城市发展需求的TOD模式将依
托轨道公交体系，结合智慧技术应用，推动
城市在整体层面乃至城乡关系的区域尺度上
形成新的格局结构。 |
| 关键词: 智慧TOD 智慧城市 国土空间规
划 城市结构 全域 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240706002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:自然资源部国土空间规划与开发保护重点实验室—中规院（北京）规划设计有限公司联合开放基金2024 年度课题（TSPDP24/02）；广东省自然科学基金项
目（2024A1515011967）；重庆市建设信息中心数字化转型能力建设研究项目 |
|
| The integrating development of smart city and TOD mode from the full territory perspective |
|
LIU Quan,HUANG Dingfang,LAI Yani,LI Hao,LI Jianzhi
|
| Abstract: |
| The original intention behind proposing the concept of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)
in the 1990s was to address the issues of low-density land sprawl and car-dominated urban
development. Although the primary focus was on the planning and construction of areas around rail
transit stations, its inherent intent was to explore rational spatial form layouts in larger urban and
regional areas. Based on historical review and case comparisons, it can be observed that practices
involving integrated planning of urban space and rail transit based on urban rail systems at the citywide
scale are not uncommon and can even be traced back to the early days of urban rail construction.
Over the past century, TOD planning has consistently held value in optimizing urban spatial structure
across the entire city at different stages. According to differences in development background, the
study divides the historical evolution of TOD planning from a holistic perspective into four stages: the
Garden City period of the pre-TOD era (early 20th century to the 1930s), the Modernism Planning
period (1940s to 1980s), the Smart Growth period following the emergence of the TOD concept (1990s
to early 2000s), and the Intellegent Development period (post-2010). In each stage, city-wide TOD
planning sometimes existed as a relatively independent specialized plan, and other times served as the
structural scheme of master plans or conceptual plans. In the context of the transformation and
development of spatial planning, TOD remains a crucial urban planning mode. It further aligns with
the “Three Zones and Three Lines” framework of spatial planning to “anchor” urban structure
alongside ecological and agricultural spaces, and to construct a planning implementation system
centered on TOD. Furthermore, as the development and construction of smart cities become a trend,
the TOD mode, tailored to future urban development needs, will leverage the rail transit system to
promote the formation of a new overall urban layout and structure. However, in China’s past TOD
practices, more attention has been paid to the construction of station areas, while relatively less focus
has been placed on systematic planning at the city-wide scale. In recent years, within domestic
planning practice in China, responding to the advent of the urban renewal era and addressing issues
such as insufficient passengers, challenges in fundraising, and mismatches between rail transit and
urban functions, new approaches have emerged. With the advancement of spatial planning and smart
city construction, three trends: full territory spatial expansion, gradual renewal over time, and the
overlay of smart technologies are driving new changes in the TOD mode. Firstly, TOD planning used
to focus more on the development and construction of station areas, while current planning is
increasingly focused on the overall planning at the full territory scale; Secondly, TOD planning used
to focus more on new construction projects in new cities and districts, but now pays more attention to
the reconstructive needs brought about by the era of urban renewal; Finally, TOD planning used to be
limited to narrow areas of rail and building construction, but now it is increasingly emphasizing the
integration with smart city concepts and methods. Although this trend is not yet fully reflected in
planning from a holistic perspective, it provides directional guidance for the future development of
TOD planning. Under the above trends, the thinking behind TOD planning development is shifting.The planning and construction of smart cities exhibit a new trend of cyber, physical, and social dimensions. New technologies, primarily intellegence
technology, are playing an increasingly important role, and the mutual influence among these three dimensions is growing stronger. In the context of smart city
development, TOD planning will also transform into a new mode of Smart TOD. Based on the aforementioned development trends, the transformation of the
integrated planning model for smart cities and TOD at the overall urban level can be summarized, specifically including three aspects: integrated operation,
coordinated planning, and smart construction. Firstly, as urban development enters the era of urban renewal and the stage of smart cities, TOD planning needs
to shift its focus towards operational connotation for future-oriented planning. Secondly, TOD planning will become a collaborative platform for integrating
multiple plans across the entire area in the future, promoting efficient coordination between transportation and other elements such as ecology, industry, and
public services. Finally, the planning management of TOD areas will be optimized and upgraded utilizing artificial intelligence and big data technologies,
fostering innovative development in the field of spatial intelligence. The study concludes that the current trend towards smart city development, coupled with
the transformational context of spatial planning, positions TOD as remains an important urban planning mode. The TOD mode, designed to meet future urban
development needs, will rely on the rail transit system, integrated with the application of smart technologies, to promote the formation of a new urban structure
at the overall level, and even at the regional scale of urban-rural relationships. |
| Key words: smart TOD smart city territorial and spatial planning urban structure full territory |
