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| 北方滨海城市游艇码头规划选址研究
——以大连为例 |
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肖彦1, 杜赛尔2, 臧佳明3
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1.大连理工大学建筑与艺术学院，副教授;2.大连理工大学建筑与艺术学院，硕士研究生;3.（通讯作者）：大连市国土空间规划设计有限公司，高级工程师，zangjiaming@dtspd.com
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| 摘要: |
| 以北方滨海城市大连为例，针对当
前游艇码头规划建设中存在的季节约束强、
生态敏感度高及区域发展不均衡等问题，构
建了融合空间环境承载力、海陆域游憩潜力
与人群活动特征的多维评价方法。通过从地
质条件、生态环境、多规协同等维度评估岸
线空间承载力，识别高潜力游憩岸线，并解
析人群活动的时空分异特征。研究表明大连
市游艇码头适宜选址呈现多中心集聚格局，
形成自西向东覆盖九大湾区码头群选址方
案。在此基础上，提出分级分类建设引导策
略，推动海陆资源融合、缓解季节波动、兼
顾生态保护与开发效益，构建“码头群—码
头带—码头”三级游艇码头集群体系。研究
成果为我国北方滨海城市高效、可持续利用
岸线资源，促进游艇旅游产业与海洋经济高
质量发展提供了理论与实践参考。 |
| 关键词: 北方滨海城市 游艇码头 岸线空
间 规划选址 环境承载力 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20251013001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目（23YJC890045） |
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| Research on the planning and site selection of yacht marina shorelines in northern coastalcities：Taking Dalian as an example |
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XIAO Yan,DU Saier,ZANG Jiaming
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| Abstract: |
| This study addresses the critical need for scientifically informed planning of yacht marina
infrastructure in northern coastal cities, using Dalian as a representative case. The planning and
construction of yacht marinas in such regions face distinct challenges, including pronounced seasonal
constraints on nautical activities, high ecological sensitivity of coastal zones, and imbalanced regional
development. In response, this research develops and applies a comprehensive, multi-dimensional
evaluation framework that integrates assessments of spatial environmental carrying capacity, marine
and terrestrial recreational potential, and spatiotemporal patterns of population activity. This holistic
approach aims to shift marina planning paradigms from single-factor assessment to multi-dimensional
synergistic integration, specifically addressing the unique climatic, geographical, and socio-economic
contexts of northern coastal areas.The methodology systematically evaluates shoreline spatial carrying
capacity across three primary dimensions: geological conditions, ecological environment, and multiplanning
coordination (aligning with port master plans, territorial spatial plans, fisheries layouts, and
tourism development strategies). Key indicators within these dimensions include water depth,
topography, significant wave height, coastal typology, seawater quality, proximity to ecological
protection redlines and scenic areas, and vulnerability to meteorological and marine disasters.
Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine indicator weights and ensure
consistency, the study generates a spatial carrying capacity assessment, identifying shoreline segments
suitable for development while respecting ecological constraints. This initial screening identified nine
potential marina clusters based on a comprehensive score threshold. Building upon the carrying
capacity assessment, the study further analyzes marine and terrestrial recreational potential to ensure
functional synergy and demand adaptation. This involves mapping Points of Interest (POIs) related to
tourism and recreation (e. g., landmarks, leisure facilities, cultural sites, maritime nodes) and
conducting kernel density analysis to identify areas of high resource concentration. Accessibility to
these recreational nodes is rigorously evaluated via isochrone analysis for multiple transport modes
(walking, cycling, public transport, and private vehicles) at different time thresholds (15, 30, 45
minutes respectively), ensuring proposed marina locations are well-integrated with existing and
potential leisure activities and possess robust hinterland support.Furthermore, recognizing the pivotal
role of human activity in marina viability and seasonal operational efficiency, the research
incorporates a detailed analysis of spatiotemporal population dynamics. Using multi-period Baidu
Heat Map data across different seasons (summer/winter) and days (weekdays/weekends), it identifies
areas of sustained high activity (e.g., Donggang CBD, Xinghai Bay) and those subject to significant
seasonal fluctuations (e.g., Changshan Archipelago, Lushunkou Bay). This analysis crucially informs
the differentiation of marina functions, scales, and operational strategies based on the stability and
intensity of hinterland vitality, directly addressing the challenge of seasonal demand variation.The integrated results reveal that suitable locations for yacht marinas in Dalian exhibit a multi-centered agglomeration pattern. A preliminary plan identifies
nine key marina clusters stretching from west to east: Wafangdian, Pulandian Bay, Jinzhou Bay, Lushunkou Bay, Xinghai Bay, Donggang-Dalian Bay, Jinshitan,
Changshan Archipelago, and Zhuanghe Bay. Subsequent refinement based on recreational potential and multi-modal accessibility pinpoints 31 preferred
shoreline segments for specific marina development within these clusters. These segments were further classified by grade (large >400 berths, medium 200-
400, small <200 berths) and function (e.g., transport hubs, leisure-focused), with specific implementation timelines suggested (near-term upgrade/expansion vs.
medium-to-long-term new construction). Based on the integrated evaluation, a hierarchical and classified construction guidance strategy is proposed. This
strategy advocates for the establishment of a three-level yacht marina cluster system: “Marina Cluster-Marina Belt-Marina Node” to foster intensive and
efficient resource use. Specific recommendations include prioritizing the near-term planning and construction of marina belts in areas with high spatial vitality,
superior hydrological conditions, and mature urban infrastructure, such as Dalian Bay-Donggang and Xinghai Bay. Marinas are categorized into three types for
guided development: Retained and Upgraded (e. g., Tahe Bay Marina), Renovated and Expanded (converting underutilized industrial or fishing ports like
Liaoyu Port), and Reserved for New Construction (e.g., Jinzhou Bay, considering future airport economic zone potential). The proposed planning strategies
emphasize several core principles: 1) Integrated land-sea resource utilization: fostering efficient and intensive use of shoreline space through the hierarchical
cluster system; 2) Strengthened ecological constraints: implementing precise zoning control based on ecological redlines and establishing dynamic monitoring
mechanisms throughout the marina lifecycle to ensure sustainable utilization; 3) Synergy with recreational vitality and enhanced accessibility: improving multimodal
transport connectivity (transit, cycling, walking, vehicular) between marinas and hinterland attractions, effectively bridging the "last mile" to enhance
visitor experience; 4) Mitigating seasonal fluctuations through cultural-tourism integration: promoting industrial convergence to develop resilient year-round
business models, offering differentiated services and products tailored to seasonal demand, such as high-end composite services in core urban areas and
specialized experiential tourism (e. g., water sports, maritime training, sea fishing) in suburban and island locations, including winter-specific “boat-shore
linkage” products.In conclusion, this research constructs a robust, multi-dimensional evaluation methodology tailored to the specific context of northern coastal
cities. The findings offer a scientifically-grounded and actionable planning framework for yacht marina site selection in Dalian. The proposed strategies for
spatial organization, ecological protection, traffic integration, and seasonal adaptation provide valuable theoretical insights and practical pathways for
promoting the efficient, sustainable, and high-quality development of the yacht tourism industry and the broader marine economy in northern China’s coastal
urban areas, effectively balancing development benefits with ecological conservation. |
| Key words: northern coastal city yacht marina shoreline space planning and site selection environmental carrying capacity |
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