| 摘要: |
| 随着城市热岛效应的加剧，滨海住
区公共空间的热环境问题日益突出，显著影
响居民的室外行为活动与空间使用。以青岛
典型滨海住区室外公共空间为例，采用通用
热气候指数（Universal Thermal Climate
Index，UTCI）评价四类公共空间的热舒适水
平，结合现场实测与问卷调查，分析夏季公
共空间的热舒适特征及其对居民行为活动的
影响。研究发现：UTCI值处于32 ℃~43 ℃的
高热应力区间，超出热舒适范围（9 ℃ ~
26 ℃），主观热感与实测结果一致性较高；
空气温度是影响UTCI 最显著的因素，其次
是平均辐射温度和相对湿度，风速相关性较
弱；不同活动类型与UTCI 呈二次抛物线关
系，表现出差异化的热适应性。研究揭示了
滨海住区公共空间热环境与居民行为活动的
内在关联，为提升空间活力提供理论支持。 |
| 关键词: 滨海住区 公共空间 热环境 行
为活动 热舒适 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20250228003 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51408344）；青岛市哲学社会科学规划研究项目 (QDSKL2401104) |
|
| Research on thermal comfort in public space of Qingdao coastal settlements based onbehavioral activities |
|
FANG Hui,ZHANG Rui,DAI Peng
|
| Abstract: |
| The intensification of the urban heat island effect has resulted in an increased prevalence of
thermal environment issues in public spaces of coastal settlements. These issues have a significant
impact on residents’ outdoor activity behavior and space utilization. Using the outdoor public spaces
of a typical coastal settlement in Qingdao as a case study, this research employed the Universal
Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) to assess the thermal comfort level of four distinct public spaces. The
thermal comfort characteristics of public spaces in summer were analyzed in conjunction with on-site
measurements and questionnaire surveys. The study also investigated the impact of these
characteristics on residents’ behavioural activities. The study found: The UTCI values fell within the
high heat stress range of 32 ℃~43 ℃, thus exceeding the thermal comfort range (9 ℃~26 ℃). There
was a high degree of consistency between subjective thermal sensation and measured results. The
most influential factor affecting UTCI was identified as air temperature (R2= 0.89), followed by mean
radiant temperature (R2=0.79) and relative humidity (R2=0.74). Conversely, wind speed exhibited a
negligible correlation (R2=0.02), indicating minimal regulatory influence under the prevailing
environmental and architectural configuration parameters. Moreover, a categorization of residents’
activities was conducted, encompassing three distinct types: leisure, recreational, and physical. This
categorization was informed by behavioural intensity and social characteristics. The relationship
between activity participation rates and UTCI values was found to follow a quadratic parabolic trend,
indicating clear thermal adaptation differences across activity types. It was observed that leisure
activities, such as sitting and conversing, demonstrated the highest level of tolerance to heat, with
optimal UTCI ranging from 37 ℃ to 40 ℃. A preferred range of 34 ℃~38 ℃ was demonstrated for
recreational activities. It was demonstrated that physical activities were most sensitive to heat stress,
with an optimal UTCI range of 34 ℃~36 ℃. Spatial differences were also noted. Plaza spces (4#)
demonstrated the highest utilization across all activity types, despite exhibiting higher thermal stress.
This finding suggests that these spaces play a vital social and functional role. It was demonstrated that
sports areas (5#) exhibited superior thermal adaptation during the late afternoon and evening hours. It
was observed that spaces between buildings (2# and 3#) and road spaces (1#) were less frequented
due to poorer thermal environments and limited adaptive design. Research findings have indicated a
correlation between the thermal environment of public spaces in coastal residential areas and
residents’ behavioral activities. This provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing spatial vitality.
However, the thermal environment characteristics of coastal residential areas exhibit pronounced
seasonal variations, with winter’s low temperatures and strong winds potentially exerting distinct
influences on residents’ behavior. It is recommended that future research seek to further investigate
the combined effects of seasonal variations in thermal environment parameters and residents’
responses across different activity types (leisurely, recreational and athletic). This would provide a
theoretical foundation for designing year-round public space revitalization strategies. |
| Key words: coastal settlement public space thermal environment behavioral activities thermal
comfort |
