| 摘要: |
| 重特大自然灾害发生时，城市电力
系统受损直接影响灾害应急响应、受灾人群
疏散安置与灾后秩序恢复。特别是当灾害发
生在夜间时，应急照明系统失效会进一步加
剧风险。研究旨在探讨重特大灾害下应急照
明的未来改进方向。通过梳理2008 年郴州冰
雪灾害、2008 年汶川地震、2021 年郑州特大
暴雨洪水和2023 年涿州特大暴雨洪水四次典
型自然灾害的公开数据，分析了电力系统的
受损情况与恢复时间，探讨了电力受损原因
及对应急照明系统运行的影响。论文借鉴美
国国家基础设施咨询委员会（NIAC）提出
的韧性关键特征框架，针对灾前预防、灾中
响应和灾后重建三个阶段，提出基于现有电
力系统加强应急照明整体韧性的建议和措
施，为应急照明和防灾减灾措施的优化提供
更多的理论支撑。 |
| 关键词: 电力系统 应急照明 自然灾害 韧性 恢复时间 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20250627004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:重庆市城市照明中心项目（H20241402） |
|
| Resilience enhancement strategies for emergency lighting based on power restoration timeanalysis in China’s four major natural disasters |
|
YAN Yonghong,ZHANG Jianwei,DU Yongliang,YANG Jingyu,LIU Qiming
|
| Abstract: |
| Urban power systems demonstrate significant vulnerability when confronting catastrophic
natural disasters, a weakness that critically compromises metropolitan resilience. Failures within these
systems severely disrupt coordinated emergency response operations, considerably hinder the safe
evacuation and sheltering of affected populations, and inevitably prolong post-disaster recovery
periods. During nighttime disaster events, the prolonged power outages and consequent failure of
emergency lighting systems substantially amplify risks, frequently leading to preventable secondary
accidents, widespread public panic, and social disorder collapse. Despite these evident implications,
current academic and practical research focusing on emergency lighting performance under extreme
disaster scenarios remains markedly inadequate. This study aims to address this research gap through
a multi-faceted approach: analyzing damage patterns and restoration timelines of power systems,
meticulously examining the damage and precise restoration timelines triggered by major disasters;
investigating the root causes of power infrastructure disruptions and their subsequent cascading
impacts on emergency lighting operational reliability; formulating actionable, evidence-based
recommendations to enhance the overall resilience of emergency lighting systems based on existing
electrical frameworks; and ultimately contributing a solid theoretical foundation to guide the
optimization of emergency lighting solutions and broader disaster prevention and mitigation strategies.
This research employs a rigorous analytical methodology utilizing publicly available data and official
reports from four representative major natural disasters in China presenting diverse disaster
typologies: the 2008 Chenzhou ice storm, which caused extensive grid icing and structural collapse;
the catastrophic 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, characterized by its sudden-onset and high intensity; the
unprecedented 2021 Zhengzhou “7·20” extreme rainstorm and floods, which exposed critical
vulnerabilities in urban inundation management and electrical infrastructure protection; and the recent
2023 Zhuozhou floods, which further highlighted persistent challenges in flood resilience. It
systematically analyzed damage causation from major media disclosures and government bulletins,
particularly focusing on quantifying restoration time as a key resilience indicator. The analysis
revealed a strikingly prolonged average complete recovery period (exceeding two weeks), identifying
recurrent systemic vulnerabilities leading to prolonged large-scale blackouts and their detrimental
effects on emergency lighting functionality, safety communication, and public safety during critical
periods.The investigation confirms that initial power interruptions serve as a primary trigger, initiating
a series of chain failures: power infrastructure failure triggers emergency lighting system failure,
which further affects the recognition of critical information and wayfinding, ultimately leading topublic safety and order breakdown. A core and critical finding emphasizes the dominant influence of prolonged power restoration times on the degradation of
emergency lighting performance across all disaster phases—from immediate impact to long-term recovery. Further analysis identifies three fundamental causes
of power system vulnerability: inadequate and often outdated design standards (manifesting as poor robustness), physically fragile terminal grid infrastructure
(reflecting a lack of redundancy), and a severe shortage of pre-positioned emergency response resources (indicating insufficient resourcefulness). These
interconnected deficiencies directly and predictably result in the catastrophic failure of emergency lighting systems during the most critical post-disaster
windows, thereby exacerbating societal risks. In response to these findings, this study adopts the comprehensive resilience framework—the 4R principles
(Robustness, Resourcefulness, Rapid Recovery, and Redundancy) —proposed by the U. S. National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC). We propose
strategies for pre-disaster prevention, during-disaster response, and post-disaster recovery to address the distinct challenges of each disaster phase. 1)Predisaster
(Prevention & Preparedness): Prioritize enhancements in robustness and redundancy. This requires revising and strictly enforcing updated design
standards that mandate elevated installation of critical electrical equipment in flood-prone areas, significantly increasing seismic fortification intensity levels in
earthquake-prone regions, and integrating decentralized distributed energy resources at key network terminals to ensure power continuity. 2)During-disaster
(Response): Focus on maximizing resourcefulness and facilitating rapid recovery. Strategies include the proactive pre-deployment of mobile generator units and
high-luminosity portable lighting equipment based on advanced early warnings, along with establishing prioritized energy supply protocols to guarantee
uninterrupted power for critical evacuation routes, emergency shelters, and medical aid stations. 3)Post-disaster (Reconstruction & Learning): Dedicate efforts
to long-term robustness and redundancy. This involves not only rebuilding damaged infrastructure but doing so to significantly higher and more resilient
standards, diversifying power supply routes to eliminate single points of failure, and implementing smart grid technologies for real-time monitoring, fault
isolation, and adaptive control to withstand future shocks. This study establishes a critical link between power system restoration time and the functional
recovery of emergency lighting under major natural disasters, thereby providing a solid theoretical foundation for enhancing resilience against nighttime
disaster risks. The phased strategic framework, operationalizing the 4R principles, offers policymakers, urban planners, and utility infrastructure operators’
systematic and actionable insights for mitigating complex disaster impacts. This research provides significant theoretical and practical value, contributing to the
optimization of urban disaster prevention and mitigation and enhancing the overall resilience of urban lifeline systems and emergency lighting upon which
modern cities depend. |
| Key words: power system emergency lighting natural disaster resilience restoration time |
