| 摘要: |
| 街道家具是决定城市空间品质的重
要设施，其合理配置和运维具有重要意义。
搭建整合三维视角和差异导控模式的分析框
架，从配置类型、空间布局、运维管理三个
维度系统剖析比较纽约、伦敦和鹿特丹三个
国际大都市街道家具配置内容。研究发现，
纽约导则从管理者出发，形成类型多元、布
局要求和运维主体明确的产品手册；伦敦导
则从使用者出发，形成类型简洁、布局灵活
和运维需求详细的标准段；鹿特丹导则以反
映城市风貌为重点，形成分区分类的配置工
具箱。最后，研究提出了完善我国街道家具
配置的建议，包括构建“街道分类+家具分
级”的菜单式控制类型，完善“刚性间距+
弹性断面”的组合式布局要求，细化“多方
协作统筹+落实主体责任”精细化运维管理
内容。 |
| 关键词: 街道家具 配置类型 空间布局 运维管理 国际经验与借鉴 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20231217001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:上海市哲学社会科学一般课题（2018BCK002）；上海市浦江人才计划（22PJC049）；上海市哲学社会科学一般课题（2023BCK003） |
|
| International experiences and lessons in street furniture configuration and maintenance ofmetropolitan areas |
|
LIU Yong,LI Kaiming,JIN Yunqi
|
| Abstract: |
| Street furniture is an important facility that affects the quality of urban space. Its effective
configuration and maintenance significantly enhance urban space quality and vitality. This paper
analyzes the connotation of street furniture, sorts out the research progress and practical reflections on
the configuration of street furniture in different cities around the world, and finds that there are
problems such as unclear configuration types, imperfect spatial layout, and broad operation and
maintenance management of street furniture in China’s metropolises. This paper constructs an
analytical framework integrating three-dimensional perspectives and differential control models, and
combines multiple case analysis methods to systematically analyze and compare street furniture
configurations in three international metropolises, namely New York, London, and Rotterdam, from
three perspectives: configuration types, spatial layout, and operation and maintenance. The New York
street furniture guidelines are derived from the third edition of the “street design manual”, which was
issued by the New York City Department of Transportation in 2020; the London street furniture
guidelines are derived from the fourth edition of the “Streetscape Guidance”, which was issued by
Transport for London in 2019; and the Rotterdam street furniture guidelines are derived from the
“Rotterdam Style Handbook of Public Space Toolkit”, which was issued by the Gemeente Rotterdam
in 2012. These three recently compiled guidelines represent different approaches to street furniture
configuration. The result finds that the New York guidelines, starting from the perspective of
managers, have formed a street furniture product manual with diverse types, clear layout
requirements, and defined operation and maintenance entities. The advantages of New York’s
guidelines lie in the appropriate configuration types and the combination with contemporary demands;
it clarifies the positions and dimensions of street furniture through the control of minimum spacing
and establishes a negative list; it defines the operation and maintenance entities and responsible units
for multiple parties, and the productized guidance and control facilitate the subsequent maintenance of
furniture. However, its drawback is that it stipulates too many aspects regarding the positions and
dimensions of street furniture, lacking flexibility. The London guidelines, starting from the
perspective of users, have formed standard sections with simple types, flexible layouts, and detailed
operation and maintenance requirements. The advantages of London’s guidelines include
emphasizing the guidance of characteristic furniture, classifying standard sections and merging
different types of furniture as much as possible to better align the spatial layout with human needs; it
clearly defines the operation and maintenance management requirements for various types of furniture
and refines the management requirements. However, its drawback is that the control content for street
furniture is overly complex. The Rotterdam guidelines, characterized by reflecting the urban style,
have formed a configuration toolbox with zoning and classification. The advantages of Rotterdam’s
guidelines are the flexibility in configuration types and spatial layout; the customized selection based
on zoning and classification can reflect the urban style of different areas, and it pays attention to the
sustainability of later operation and maintenance in terms of furniture materials and design. However,
its drawback is that the control over furniture types and layout is too broad, lacking relevant controldetails. The comparative analysis offers three insights for the configuration of street furniture. Firstly, street furniture types should be comprehensively
determined by considering the urban style, the scale of the streets, and the needs of the people, and classified and graded accordingly. Secondly, the spatial
layout of the furniture should not only control the minimum distance between different types of furniture to avoid mutual interference, but also strive to
promote the spatial integration of different types of furniture to save and intensively utilize space. Thirdly, it is necessary to clearly define the maintenance and
operation entities for different types of furniture and detail the various maintenance and operation requirements. Based on these findings, this paper formulates
multi-dimensional optimization strategies for the problems existing in the configuration of street furniture in Chinese metropolises. Firstly, it aims to enhance
the matching level of furniture types by establishing a configuration matrix of “street classification + furniture grading”. Secondly, it seeks to improve the
spatial layout system of furniture by setting up control requirements of “rigid spacing + flexible cross-section”. Thirdly, it proposes refining the operation and
maintenance management system through a collaborative maintenance mechanism of “multi-party collaboration + responsibility implementation”. These
strategies for the configuration of street furniture can provide refined suggestions for the optimal configuration of street furniture in metropolises of Global
South countries. |
| Key words: street furniture configuration typology spatial arrangement operation and maintenance international experiences and lessons |
