| 摘要: |
| 研究基于专业医疗机构的840份问卷及 1 000份病例
基础数据，采用循证研究思路，提出“5+2”研究技术路线：
“统合设计”（含5个环节）和“医学循证”（含2个环节）两
个部分。通过对五感统合设计的探讨，证实了采用“可预见
且结构清晰、可干预且进路有序、可发展且及时奖励”的设
计原则，及“基于线性递增的进阶式、基于‘CARS’测评
的菜单式、基于第三方陪同的互助式”的设计方法，可以有
效提高2~6 岁孤独症儿童疗愈景观的有效性。本研究发现：
在2~6岁孤独症儿童艺术疗愈景观设计中，视觉因素权重排
位第一，设计元素的色相按照“蓝—绿—橙—红—黄”次序
敏感度递增；听觉因素权重排位第二，环境氛围的声音按照
从“有节奏低频率”到“无节奏的高频”敏感度递增；触觉
因素权重排位第三，设计元素的材质按照从“光滑柔软”到
“粗糙坚硬”敏感度递增；嗅味觉综合因素权重排位第四，环
境氛围的气味及味道按照从“甜香温和”到“苦涩刺激”敏
感度递增；前庭本体觉综合因素权重排位第五，器材运动的
类型按照从“低强度旋摆及粗大运动”到“高强度平衡及精
细运动”敏感度递增。 |
| 关键词: 感觉统合 孤独症 艺术疗愈景观 循证设计 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240525001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究项目（25SKGH171） |
|
| Research on evidence-based design of art therapy landscapes for 2-6 year old childrenwith autism spectrum disorder based on sensory integration therapy: A case study of thehealing rooftop garden at Zhixingkang Children’s Hospital |
|
GUO Hui,SU Xin,WANG Quwei,MA Zihui,YU Ai,ZHANG Haowen
|
| Abstract: |
| Based on 840 questionnaires and 1 000 clinical case data from professional
medical institutions, this study adopted evidence-based research ideas and proposed a
“5+2” research technology route, including two core modules: “integrated design”
(five phases) and “medical evidence-based” (two phases). By systematically
discussing the multi-sensory integrated design, the method system based on the
principle of “predictable and clear structure, intervenable and orderly path,
developable and timely reward”, combined with “advanced linear incremental design,
CARS (Children with Autism Rating Scale) assessment menu intervention, third-party
collaborative intervention”, was verified. Can significantly improve the effectiveness
of interventions in the healing landscape for children aged 2-6 years with autism
spectrum disorder (ASD). It is found that there is a clear sensory hierarchy effect in
the landscape design of ASD children’s art healing: the weight of visual factors ranks
first, the weight is the highest, and the color sensitivity increases along the spectrum
sequence of “blue-green-orange-red-yellow”. In the second place of auditory factor
weight, the stimulus response was enhanced when the environmental sound effect
changed from “rhythmically low frequency” to “rhythmically high frequency”. The
tactile factor ranked third, and the perceived strength increased continuously when the
material characteristics changed from smooth and soft to rough and hard. The weight
of olfactory and gustological factors ranked fourth, and olfactory and gustological
factors changed from mild and sweet to irritating and bitter. The weight of vestibular
proprioceptive factors ranked fifth, and vestibular proprioceptive factors realized
neural activation through the conversion of movement types from low-intensity
coarse movements to high-intensity fine movements. The study further found that
multi-sensory collaborative intervention can promote the development of sensory
integration in children with ASD through neurotransmitter regulation mechanisms.
Methodological innovation is reflected in the construction of a “theory-design-verification” closed-loop research system: The “integrated design” module realizes the systematic integration of sensory elements through five stages: demand
diagnosis, scheme prototype, element screening, pattern construction and effect verification. The “evidence-based medicine” module establishes the causal
relationship between design intervention and behavior improvement with the help of clinical observation and evidence-based evaluation. By optimizing the
allocation of spatial elements, the stereotypical behaviors of ASD children are significantly reduced and their social interaction ability is improved, which provides
a theoretical basis and practical paradigm for the scientific design of rehabilitation environment for special children. The study revealed that structured sensory
stimulation can promote the development of sensory integration in children with ASD by regulating neurotransmitter pathways, providing empirical evidence for
the interdisciplinary integration of environmental design and neural rehabilitation. Theoretical contributions include: creating a landscape design model for ASD
healing that integrates environmental exposure parameters and neurobehavioral responses; elucidating the regulatory mechanism of multi-sensory cooperative
intervention on synaptic plasticity. The “threshold sensory loading” design theory is proposed to balance the intensity of stimulation and individual tolerance.
Practical application has formed a standardized design toolkit, covering a number of quantifiable elements such as color gradient template, sound field regulation
algorithm, tactile material database, and has been implemented in many rehabilitation centers, and empirical evidence shows that it has a significant improvement
effect on key indicators such as reducing the frequency of stereotypical behavior and increasing the duration of social interaction. By bridging the knowledge gap
between environmental design and developmental neuroscience, this study provides a triad of “spatial-sensory-neural” evidence-based practice framework for
early intervention in children with ASD, and opens up a new paradigm for inclusive environmental design for special needs groups. |
| Key words: sensory integration autism spectrum disorder art therapy landscape evidence-based design |
