| 摘要: |
| 当前我国儿童体力活动不足现象日趋
显著。为进一步明确建成环境与儿童体力活动
间的量化关系，本文基于现有相关文献开展了
系统性Meta分析，探讨建成环境“5D”要素
对儿童体力活动的影响。在PubMed、Web
of Science、Active Living Research 以及中国
知网等电子文献数据库中进行文献检索，检
索期限为2010—2023 年，采用JBI 质量评价
工具与Combie 横断面研究评价工具的组合
工具对纳入文献质量进行评价。采用Meta分
析法对文献进行分析与合并。结果表明：建
成环境的密度要素、多样性要素与部分设计
要素（道路设计、街道连通性）与儿童体力
活动无关联性；其他要素均为正向关联性且
合并效应量数值基本相同，从大到小依次为
公共交通距离要素、设计要素（各二级要素
合并）、目的地可达性要素。因此得出以下
结论：建成环境与儿童体力活动密切相关；
在健康中国和全民健身的战略背景下，通过
关注建筑环境中的特定因素，城市规划者可
以创造出更适合体育活动的社区空间，促进
中国儿童体力活动水平的提高，增强儿童体
质。本研究结果将为促进健康行为的建成环
境规划建设提供理论依据和数据支撑。 |
| 关键词: 体力活动 建成环境 5D 要素 Meta分析 儿童 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230525001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（51678288） |
|
| The influence of 5Ds characteristics of built environment on physical activity of children:A Meta-analysis |
|
HU Wenhao,HE Zhongyu,YANG Yuqing
|
| Abstract: |
| In China, the prevalence of physical inactivity among children has become a significant public
health concern. Statistical data indicates that only approximately one-third of Chinese children reach the
recommended daily physical activity levels. Consequently, overweight children aged 6 to 17 years has
increased markedly from 2.1% to 19% during 1985-2020, respectively. Built environment intervention
shows great potential in actively promote residents’ physical activity. Previous studies have
substantiated the pathways through which the built environment exerts an influence on children’s
physical activity. However, the quality of existing research varies considerably, and the indicators
employed for the built environment differ, rendering it challenging to reach consistent conclusions. The
currently recognized metric for evaluating the built environment is the 5Ds characteristics model, which
includes density, diversity, design, distance to transit, and destination access. 5Ds characteristics have
therefore been widely used in built environment based studies to characterize the built environment. This
study aims to conduct a meta-analysis of the influence of 5Ds built environment characteristics on
children’s physical activity through a Meta-analysis of existing literature, based on 5Ds model of built
environment characteristics.The databases utilized in this study include PubMed, Web of Science, Active
Living Research, and CNKI, covering studies published from 2010 to 2023. The quality of the included
studies was evaluated using the JBI quality evaluation tool and the Combie cross-sectional research
evaluation tool. Based on the open-source Review Manager 5.3 platform, we conducted a Meta-analysis
of the results of the included studies. The odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were
selected as a characterization of the effect sizes and were merged to analyze the relationship between the
5Ds characteristics and various physical activity indicators in children. For the results of Meta-analysis,
sensitivity analysis was used in this study as a summary discriminator of sources of heterogeneity, and
the inverted funnel plot was used to test for the presence of publication bias.After screening, 17 studies
were selected for meta-analysis. Results revealed that not all 5Ds characteristics have the same level of
influence on children’s physical activity. In particular, density characteristics, diversity characteristics,
and certain design characteristics (such as road design and street connectivity) were found to have no
significant association with children’s physical activity. Nevertheless, other characteristics exhibited a
positive association, with the combined effect sizes exhibiting a relatively consistent pattern. The
characteristics with the strongest positive associations, in descending order, were distance to transit,
overall design characteristics, and destination access. 1) Density. The Meta-analysis revealed that
features of density dimension, including residential density and population density, were not
significantly associated with children’s physical activity. This finding aligns with previous studies
regarding the influence of density on physical activity. 2) Diversity. The diversity of land use was found
to have no significant correlation with children’s physical activity levels. This indicates that the mere
presence of a diverse array of land uses within a neighborhood may not be sufficient to encourage
greater physical activity among children. 3) Design. Overall, characteristics of design dimension were
found to be positively associated with children’s physical activity. Specifically, aesthetical attributes and
well-designed tracks have promoting influences on physical activity levels. However, specific
characteristics, such as road design and street connectivity, were less clear-cut, with some studiesindicating a positive effect and others showing no significant impact. 4) Destination Access. The results demonstrated a significant positive association between
destination access characteristic and children’s physical activity. The accessibility of destinations such as parks, schools, and recreational facilities has been found
to encourage physical activity among children. This finding highlights the significance of key destinations within a reasonable distance from residential areas.5)
Distance to Transit. The distance to public transportation was the characteristic most strongly associated with increased physical activity among all built
environment features. Children residing in closer proximity to public transportation were more likely to engage in physical activities. This may be attributed to the
accessibility of various activity-friendly destinations. |
| Key words: physical activity built environment 5Ds characteristics Meta-analysis children |
