| 摘要: |
| 为探讨传统村落在省域尺度
流域视角下的空间分布规律，研究以
贵州省757 个列入中国传统村落名录的
村落为对象，利用ArcGIS 和地理探测
器等工具，分析传统村落空间分布特
征及其影响因素。结果表明：第一，
贵州省传统村落呈现出跨流域的三个
集聚分布区——黔东南、黔中和黔东
北集聚区，流域单元内以黔东南苗岭
以南的珠江—柳江流域传统村落分布
密度最高，其次为苗岭以北的长江-沅
江流域；第二，民族、地形、经济、
人口、气候和河流等因素对贵州传统
村落空间分布的影响具有较强的显著
性，其中民族和地形因素影响力最为
显著，其交互结果为非线性增强；第
三，归纳出6 个不同流域及河段具有明
显族别差异的传统村落集群，不同集
群的自然—人文特征呈现差异性，彰
显了不同流域单元的地域特性。因此
区域层面的传统村落保护发展有必要
结合不同流域地域性特征制定针对性
的策略。研究成果可为贵州传统村落
文化遗产的整体保护和协同发展提供
科学依据和参考指引。 |
| 关键词: 流域 传统村落 空间分布
特征 集群 贵州 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240118002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（52168011）；“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题（2019YFD1100904）；贵州省科技支撑计划项目（黔科合支撑[2021]一般539） |
|
| Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages inGuizhou from the perspective of watershed |
|
WANG Xi,XU Xiaodong,YU Yafang,LIU Ke,ZHANG Ran
|
| Abstract: |
| Traditional villages are important material carriers of Chinese agrarian civilization. Under the
current background of modernization and globalization, with the acceleration of urbanization process, the
cultural and ecological balance of rural areas has been gradually broken, and a large number of traditional
villages are facing great challenges in protection and development. It has become one of the directions to
explore the overall protection and synergistic development mode of traditional villages from regional
perspective. As a holistic natural geospatial unit, watershed is a typical area of interaction between human
and nature. In this paper, 757 villages in Guizhou province listed in the Chinese traditional villages list are
taken as the objects to explore the spatial distribution pattern of traditional villages in the provincial scale
from the watershed perspective, and the spatial distribution characteristics of traditional villages and their
influencing factors are analyzed in depth from the aspects of the natural environment and the social and
humanities by using the tools of ArcGIS and Geodetector. The results show that:Firstly, traditional villages in
Guizhou present three clustered distribution areas across the watersheds--Southeast Guizhou, Central
Guizhou and Northeast Guizhou, with the highest distribution density in the Liu River Basin and Yuan River
Basin in Southern Guizhou. The Liu River Basin is dominated by villages along the northern Duliu River,
which are clustered in the upper and lower reaches, and mainly comprise Shui, Miao, and Dong villages; the
Yuan River Basin is dominated by Miao villages in the middle and upper reaches of the Qingshui River in the
southern part of the country; the Wu River Basin is characterized by the clustered distribution of Han villages
in the upper reaches, and the dispersed distribution of Tujia villages in the lower reaches of the country; the
Hongshui River Basin is dominated by the Buyi villages in the middle and upper reaches of the country; and
the Chishui River Basin is dominated by the dispersed distribution of Han villages in the middle and lower
reaches of the country.Secondly, the influence of ethnicity and topographic factors on the spatial distribution
of traditional villages in Guizhou is the most significant, followed by economic, demographic, climatic and
river factors, and the influence of transportation and urban factors is weaker. The nonlinear enhancement of
ethnicity and elevation factors is significant, with the largest number of Miao villages in the Yuanjiang River
basin and Dong villages in the Liu River Basin, and the villages in different basins and river segments show
obvious differences in ethnic characteristics. The influencing factors of spatial distribution of traditional
villages in different watersheds also show differences. Based on the comprehensive analysis of naturalhuman
factors, the most significant settlement characteristics of traditional villages in Guizhou can be
extracted - mountainous features and multi-ethnic settlement.Thirdly, based on the spatial distribution of the
three traditional village cluster areas in the provincial area, six typical traditional village clusters are
summarized, and the natural-humanistic characteristics of different traditional village clusters show
differences, which highlight the regional characteristics of different watershed units. The Miao village
clusters in the upper and middle reaches of the Qingshui River show significant alpine-mountainous village
characteristics, the Shui village clusters in the upper reaches of the Duiliu River and the Dong village clusters
in the lower reaches of the Duiliu River show low-mountainous-waterfront village characteristics, the Han
village clusters in the upper reaches of the Wu River show mounded plains and flat dams village
characteristics, the Buyi village clusters in the middle reaches of the Beipan River show alpine-mountainousvillage characteristics, and the Tujia villages in the lower reaches of the Wu River show low-mountainous mountainous village characteristics. The village
cluster of Tujia in the lower reaches of the Wu River presents low mountain-mountain type village characteristics.Typical mountain traditional village clusters
and clusters of villages of different ethnic groups carry the typical mountain farming culture and diversified minority cultures of Guizhou Province. Therefore,
the conservation and development of traditional villages at the regional level needs to be combined with the regional characteristics of different watersheds to
formulate targeted strategies. The centralized and contiguous protection of traditional villages can start from the watershed unit, and through the natural
geography, history and culture, and socio-economic elements across the administrative boundaries, individual traditional villages can be linked together to
become a surface, and the synergistic elements of the traditional village clusters with development potentials can be explored, and the regional resources can be
integrated, so that the synergistic level of the various developmental elements of the traditional villages within the traditional village clusters can be improved,
and the centralized and contiguous traditional villages of synergistic development of the economy, society, and culture can be formed. The research results can
provide scientific basis and reference guidelines for the overall protection and synergistic development of traditional village cultural heritage in Guizhou. |
| Key words: watershed traditional villages spatial distribution characteristics clusters Guizhou |
