| 摘要: |
| 依托建筑社会学研究范式，探讨海
上移动建筑的历史发展。基于“社会—空
间”研究模式，遵循“从水上船屋到海洋城
市”的发展线索进行历史追溯，结合技术、
社会、环境三维分析框架，归纳海上移动建
筑的历史变迁特征及发展趋向，并思考其背
后的社会关联。研究显示海上移动建筑的历
史演变体现了从“寄生”到“共生”的“建
筑—环境”交互模式变化，蕴含了人与海洋
在不同历史环境下的关系处理方式差异，但
在空间实践层面体现了适建、适居、适应的
共同需求。文章最后提出，基于移动的游牧
是人类应对环境变化的主动性社会行为，海
上移动建筑代表了一种灵活可变的人居策
略，技术、社会、环境多维融合的社会设计
理念将有助于海上移动人居的可持续营建。
关键词：海上移动建筑；船屋；海洋城市；
历史发展；人海关系 |
| 关键词: 海上移动建筑 船屋 海洋城市 历史发展 人海关系 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20231106001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国博士后科学基金面上项目（2022M722401）；云南省科技厅基础研究专项面上项目（202401CF070194） |
|
| From boathouse to ocean city: A brief review and speculation on the historical developmentof mobile marine architecture |
|
OU Xiongquan,MA Ming
|
| Abstract: |
| As global urbanization intensifies and environmental crises escalate, marine habitation has
emerged as a critical area of focus in contemporary architectural research. This paper introduces
“mobility” as a new conceptual framework for studying marine habitation, placing the concept of
“mobile architecture”, a form of habitation with both historical significance and future potential,
within the oceanic context for detailed exploration. Drawing on the research paradigm of architectural
sociology, this paper reviews the historical evolution of mobile marine architecture and offers new
insights into the future of marine habitation. The research traces the development of mobile marine
architecture by following the trajectory “from boathouse to ocean city”, employing a “society-space”
interactive research model. By integrating analytical frameworks that consider the dimensions of
technology, society, and environment, the paper summarizes key historical characteristics and future
trends in mobile marine architecture, while also examining the social relationships that underpin these
developments. The research begins by exploring the transition from traditional boathouse settlements
to modern floating communities, selecting three case studies as representative examples: the boatdwellings
of Tanka people in ancient coastal China, the British barge homes during the industrial
period, and the floating residential communities of Seattle in the 19th and 20th centuries. The Tanka,
known as “water people”, inhabited boats along China’s southern coast, maintaining a mobile
lifestyle that reflected a deep connection to both marine and land-based environments. In Britain,
barge homes provided affordable housing for working-class communities during industrialization,
presenting a unique response to the pressures of urbanization. Similarly, Seattle’s floating homes,
which gained prominence in the late 19th century, offer a modern iteration of marine habitation,
blending urban conveniences with the flexibility of water-based living. The research then shifts to
examine the futuristic visions of ocean cities, particularly those conceptualized by the Japanese
Metabolism movement in the 1960s. The Metabolists envisioned dynamic, evolving cities that would
expand onto the ocean, addressing issues of overpopulation and resource scarcity. Their “ocean city”
concepts reflect a forward-thinking approach to mobile marine architecture, emphasizing adaptability
and sustainability as core principles. In contrast, contemporary architectural responses are largely
driven by concerns about climate change and rising sea levels. Current proposals for sustainable ocean
cities focus on eco-friendly design and resilience, offering solutions that integrate renewable energy,
water management, and social inclusivity to mitigate environmental impacts. The research further
synthesizes the evolution and future direction of mobile marine architecture through three key lenses:
technological advancements, changes in social organization, and methods of environmental
adaptation. Technologically, mobile marine architecture has advanced from simple boat homes to
sophisticated floating infrastructures, enabled by innovations in materials, construction techniques,
and environmental technologies. These developments have made mobile marine architecture
increasingly viable as a response to modern urban challenges. Socially, floating communities have
evolved from marginalized spaces to exemplars of adaptive living. Historically overlooked, these
communities now provide important lessons in flexibility and sustainability. In terms of
environmental adaptation, mobile marine architecture has consistently demonstrated its ability tocoexist with dynamic ocean environments. By utilizing strategies such as modular construction and renewable energy integration, these structures have adapted
to changing environmental conditions, illustrating how mobile architecture can support sustainable living practices in an era of climate uncertainty. The paper
also argues that historical precedents in mobile marine architecture offer valuable insights into addressing the core needs of constructability, habitability, and
adaptability in future marine habitation. Finally, the research concludes that the evolution of mobile marine architecture reflects a broader shift in the
relationship between architecture and the environment, from a parasitic model, where humans exploited marine resources, to a symbiotic model, where
architecture and the environment are mutually supportive. This transformation highlights the changing ways humans have managed their relationship with the
sea across different historical periods. Despite these variations, mobile marine architecture consistently meets the fundamental requirements of constructability,
habitability, and adaptability in spatial practice. The paper proposes that “mobile nomadism” represents a proactive social response to contemporary
environmental challenges. Mobile marine architecture, as a flexible and adaptive habitation strategy, offers a promising solution to the threats posed by climate
change and resource scarcity. The integration of technology, society, and the environment into cohesive design frameworks will be crucial for the sustainable
development of future marine habitats. By drawing on both historical precedents and forward-looking architectural visions, the paper underscores the potential
of mobile marine architecture to contribute to more sustainable, resilient, and adaptable urban futures. Consequently, this research does not only trace the
historical development of mobile marine architecture from a “society-space” perspective but also presents innovative ideas for the future of marine habitation.
By examining historical case studies alongside contemporary architectural proposals, the study offers a comprehensive understanding of how mobile
architecture can help address global environmental challenges and contribute to the creation of sustainable, adaptive living environments. This research also
provides a valuable framework for architects, urban planners, and policymakers seeking to develop innovative strategies for marine habitation in response to
global environmental changes. |
| Key words: mobile marine architecture boathouse ocean city historical development relationships between humans and the sea |
