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| 社区疗愈环境研究的理论模型：疗愈机制、场景类型及环
境特征的评述 |
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何南1, 徐磊青2, 吴夏安1, 李娜1
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1.同济大学建筑与城市规划学院，博士研究生;2.（通讯作者）：同济大学建筑与城市规划学院，教授，博士生导师，leiqing@tongji.edu.cn
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| 摘要: |
| 厘清社区疗愈环境研究进展，对
于改善人居环境质量具有重要的理论和现
实意义。本研究基于扎根理论对社区居民
访谈结果进行分析得到社区疗愈居民的机
制、场景类型及环境要素，构建面向居民
的社区疗愈环境影响机制理论框架。理论
框架可以“疗愈风险要素控制”“疗愈效益
持续保有” 和“高品质疗愈激发”3 个层面
递进开展：最底层的疗愈需要保障居民的物
理环境、资源供给和管理制度；第二层级的
疗愈涉及居民的被动恢复，包括压力缓解、
恢复性体验、休憩活动等；最高层的疗愈涉
及个体主动积极的参与，居民通过场所依
恋、体力活动等实现环境资源的获取。理论
框架指导了现有社区疗愈实证研究综述。未
来应增加各类型社区场景的调查以探索社区
全面的疗愈潜力。 |
| 关键词: 疗愈环境 社区环境 疗愈场景 疗愈环境要素 恢复性 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240508002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2024YFF0618400） |
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| Theoretical model of healing environments in communities: A review of healing mechanisms,types of settings, and environmental characteristics |
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HE Nan,XU Leiqing,WU Xia’an,LI Na
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| Abstract: |
| Clarifying the research progress on community healing environments holds significant
theoretical and practical implications for improving the quality of human settlements. Based on grounded
theory, this study analyzes interviews with community residents to identify the mechanisms, scene types,
and environmental elements of community healing, and constructs a theoretical framework for the impact
mechanisms of community healing environments from the residents’ perspective. This framework
unfolds progressively across three levels “risk factor control”, “sustained healing benefits” and “highquality
healing activation”. This framework unfolds progressively across three levels: “risk factor
control”, “sustained healing benefits” and “high-quality healing activation”. At the foundational level,
healing effectiveness consists of two processes. Firstly, negative physical and social environments can
lead to adverse physical and mental health outcomes, while environments without such negative features
do not necessarily promote healing. At this stage, ensuring a safe physical environment, adequate
resource provision, and sound management systems is essential. The second level involves the sustained
provision of healing benefits, where residents passively recover simply by being in the environment. At
this stage, the environment’s healing potential is reflected in the individual’s perception of
environmental information. Stress relief, cognitive arousal, attention restoration, low-intensity physical
activity, positive emotional activation, social interaction and support, and leisure activities all occur
during this phase. The highest level of healing is characterized by active engagement and participation.
This stage involves more intense physical activity, richer positive emotions, recreational participation,
deeper and broader social interaction, place attachment, and restorative experiences. At this level,
individuals can obtain new physical and social resources from the environment. Individuals in neutral
environments (first-level healing) do not need to recover depleted energy and resources. Those benefiting
from passive healing (second-level) can further achieve high-quality healing outcomes through active
interaction with the environment. Based on the interview results, the types of community healing
scenes are categorized into five groups: 1)Blue-green spaces (e.g., parks, waterfront areas, gardens); 2)
amenity facilities (e. g., dining and leisure, commercial and shopping, fitness and entertainment,
cultural and recreational facilities, religious and historical architecture); 3)Indoor spaces (e. g.,
balconies, interior residential areas); 4)Residential compound environments, and 5)Streets. Residents’
descriptions of comfort-oriented facilities made up the majority of the interview content, suggesting
that they do not focus solely on the healing benefits of blue-green spaces. The theoretical framework
guided the review of existing empirical studies on community healing. However, current mainstream
empirical research has mainly focused on blue-green spaces and their tranquil and natural attributes.
Among environmental sensory modalities, vision receives the most attention, followed by natural
sounds and thermal comfort. Visually, aspects such as the proportion of natural versus artificialelements, richness of visual features, vegetation cover, and visibility of water bodies are widely discussed topics. The social and historical-cultural
characteristics of environmental features are often associated with user preferences and place attachment. Experiencing the community environment inherently
involves people and diverse activities, symbolizing community vitality and social attributes. Yet, comfort-oriented facilities and residential compound
environments—which do not align with the tranquil and natural features emphasized in many experimental studies—have often been overlooked. The lack of
attention to such healing settings also leads to insufficient research on psychologically vulnerable groups such as adolescents and office workers. In China,
healing variables reflecting personal will, emotions, self-realization, and cultural-spiritual identity, such as social interaction and support, positive emotions, and
place attachment, are still relatively under-researched. This suggests that domestic research still largely focuses on stimulating and maintaining individual
health, while less attention has been given to the roles of the environment in promoting well-being, social engagement, self-realization, and emotional healing.
Domestically and internationally, research on blue-green spaces and healthcare facilities is generally aligned. Although China started later than some other
countries, the development of research methods has been relatively rapid. Moreover, China has developed healing environment research with unique
characteristics, such as exploring the restorative effects of landscape openness. In the future, neuroscience in environmental behavior and environmental
psychology should place greater emphasis on users’ subjective experiences, such as their understanding of spatial forms, aesthetic preferences, and behavioral
intentions. It has become evident that the symbolic and associative meanings of environments, and their complex mechanisms of influence on healing, have
already been recognized as important healing factors by international scholars. In China, some researchers have begun using new technologies such as eyetracking,
electrodermal activity (EDA), and electrocardiography (ECG) to identify the restorative benefits of street interfaces and green view rates in parks.
However, current neuroscience research still predominantly focuses on feedback related to the characteristics of green spaces. Future studies should include
more diverse types of community settings to fully explore the comprehensive healing potential of communities. Research should also investigate the
mechanisms through which environmental features exert positive impacts on individuals via mediating variables. Interdisciplinary theoretical integration will be
essential. Enhancing environments in ways that align with residents’ habits and preferences, and promoting spiritual and cultural healing, will be central themes
in future research. |
| Key words: healing environment community environment healing scenarios healing environmental factors restorativeness |
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