| 摘要: |
| 草海国家级自然保护区位于云贵高
原，是典型的高原湿地生态系统，近年来其
生态质量受人为和自然因素影响面临严峻挑
战。本研究利用1994 年、2002 年、2009 年、
2016年、2023年五期Landsat影像构建遥感生
态指数（RSEI），并结合 CLCD 数据集分类
算法对影像分类，构建 1994 年、2009 年、
2023 年土地利用转移矩阵，综合分析该保护
区生态质量变化。结果表明：1994—2023年，
保护区 RSEI 均值持续上升，增速先升后缓，
RSEI 中高值区域从零星分布变为连片分布，
生态质量主要呈“变好”趋势，“变好”区域
面积占比87.52%，与相关政策出台有关。草
地和林地促使RSEI“变好”，建设用地和耕地
则相反。1994—2023年，耕地面积变化最大，
减少59.046 km2，多转换为草地，生态有所改
善；但建设用地增加12.570 km2，有向保护区
蔓延趋势。本研究结果可为草海国家级自然
保护区生态治理提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 草海国家级自然保护区 RSEI CLCD 生态环境质量 土地利用转移矩阵 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240128001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:贵州省科技重大计划项目（黔科合重大专项字〔2024〕009）；贵州省科技支撑项目（黔科合支撑〔2024〕一般124）；贵州省基础研究（自然科学）黔科合基础
-zk〔2025〕面上239；贵州省高层次创新型人才（毕科人才合〔2024〕7号）；毕节市第六批人才团队（毕委人领办通〔2023〕14号）；毕节市科学技术项目（联
合基金，毕科联合〔2023〕8号）；贵州工程应用技术学院学科建设项目资助 |
|
| Ecological quality change analysis of Caohai National Nature Reserve based on RSEI andCLCD |
|
REN Jintong,ZHOU Wei,WANG Jie,LI Yingtan,LIN Yongzhi
|
| Abstract: |
| Caohai National Nature Reserve is located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, which is
a typical plateau wetland ecosystem, and in recent years, the ecological quality is facing serious
problems due to the influence of anthropogenic and natural factors. In order to monitor the changes of
the ecological quality in the area, the Remote Sensing-based Ecological Index (RSEI) was constructed
by utilizing five periods of Landsat images in 1994, 2002, 2009, 2016 and 2023, and based on the
Annual China Land Cover Dataset (CLCD) classification algorithm combined with samples of land
classes adapted to the study area to classify the five periods of remote sensing images, selected 1994,
2009, 2023 improved CLCD data to construct the land use transfer matrix, through the time series of
RSEI and the land transfer situation of the ecological quality of the Caohai National Nature Reserve
for a comprehensive analysis. The results show that: 1) from 1994 to 2023, the average value of RSEI
in Caohai National Nature Reserve continued to increase, the growth rate was fast and then slow, and
the relevant protection policy was the main factor affecting the ecological quality of the environment.
The middle and high values of the RSEI were distributed in the southwest corner and the east of
Caohai from the scattered distribution of the RSEI in 1994 to the western, southwestern, and southern
part of Caohai in 2023, and the RSEI has been distributed in the western, southwestern, and southern
part. The proportion of “poor” and “poor” grades in the study area decreased year by year, while the
proportion of “moderate”, “good” and “excellent” grades decreased year by year, and the proportion
of “good” and “excellent” grades decreased year by year. “Excellent” grades showed a rising trend
year by year, and the growth rate of RSEI accelerated significantly at the beginning of the
establishment of the Caohai National Nature Reserve in 1992 and after the comprehensive
management was fully launched in 2015, respectively. 2) Through the difference analysis of the RSEI,
the ecological quality of the Caohai National Nature Reserve from 1994 to 2023 mainly focuses on
“getting better”, and the area of “getting better” during the 29-year period is 82.092 6 km2,
accounting for 87.52%; the area of “getting better” is 87.52%; the area of “getting better” is 87.52%;
the area of “getting better” is 87.52%. 87.52%; the area of “deterioration” is 11.7099 km2, accounting
for 12.48%. 3) Through the comprehensive analysis of 1994-2023 RSEI difference and land use
analysis, the RSEI “getting better” factors mainly consist of grassland and forest land, the RSEI
“getting worse” part mainly consists of construction land and cultivated land, and the area of
cultivated land in Caohai National Nature Reserve has changed the most, and the area of outflow haschanged the most, and the area of cultivated land in Caohai National Nature Reserve has changed the most, and the area of outflow has changed the most.
Cultivated land area changed the most, the outflow area was 74.585 km2, and the cultivated land area was reduced by 59.046 km2, which was mainly converted
into grassland, and the quality of ecological environment was significantly improved. However, it is worth warning that the area of construction land increased
by 12.570 km2, and there is a tendency of spreading in the eastern part of the Caohai and the surrounding area, so it is necessary to pay attention to the
environmental damage caused by the extension to the reserve.This paper combines RSEI and land use changes to quantitatively evaluate the ecological quality
of the Caohai National Nature Reserve over the past 30 years, and coupled with a comparative analysis of protection policy time nodes. From the establishment
of the Caohai National Nature Reserve in 1992 to the full implementation of comprehensive management in 2015, the RESI increased sequentially, and the
number of land categories transferred to grassland and woodland gradually increased, and the ecological quality became better obviously. Compared with the
evaluation of wetland habitats using a single indicator, this paper introduces the land transfer matrix combined with the time series of RSEI to comprehensively
analyze the ecological environment of the land, and intuitively reflect the reasons that prompted the change of RSEI to be better/worse from the time and space.
The results of this study can be an appropriate reference for the ecological management of Caohai National Nature Reserve. |
| Key words: Caohai National Nature Reserve RSEI CLCD ecological environment quality land use transfer matrix |
