| 摘要: |
| 研究围绕山东滨州段沿黄乡村住居
形态演化，从住居学的角度建构沿黄乡村的
功能需求系统，包含3 个层次、13 个主要需
求；并根据对应需求层的变化将住居形态的
演化划分为20 世纪六十至八十年代的基本功
能、20 世纪八十年代至21 世纪初的功能拓
展、二十世纪初至今的功能提升3 个阶段；
进而从宅院基面处理、院落布局、正房形
制、偏房与倒座、结构与构造、装饰6 个要
素归纳各阶段滨州沿黄乡村住居形态特征和
需求主导下的住居形态的演变路径，剖析由
住居功能需求变化所带来的住居形态演化动
因，旨在对沿黄乡村住居的地域性发展提供
参考。研究表明，环境安全是社会发展的基
础，社会发展使住居功能需求更替拓展，进
而功能需求转变推动住居形态更新演化，正
是由于一系列黄河治理工程与乡村建设的实
施，滨州段沿黄乡村住居形态发生了由内向
外的变化。 |
| 关键词: 住居形态 功能需求 演化 沿黄
乡村 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240119001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52278007） |
|
| Evolution research on morphological characteristics of rural dwellings along the YellowRiver in Shandong Binzhou Area |
|
LI Shifen,YU Canning
|
| Abstract: |
| The course of the Yellow River has undergone frequent changes, and the last diversion was
in March 1947 when Huayuankou was reblocked. At present, the Yellow River in the Binzhou section
of Shandong Province flows through four districts and counties. Among them, most of the villages
along the Yellow River in Boxing Zouping District have been relocated. Therefore, the study mainly
conducted field investigations in 33 villages along the Yellow River in Bincheng and Huimin District
of Binzhou, selecting rural residential buildings built after 1947 as the research objects. Based on this,
a functional demand system for rural areas along the Yellow River is constructed from the perspective
of Inhabitation Theory, focusing on the evolution of residential forms in these areas. Research has
found that the residential functions of rural areas along the Yellow River in the Binzhou section
include three layers (survival protection layer, social life layer, and spiritual enhancement layer) and
13 main needs (rest, hygiene, disaster prevention, defense, settlement, reception, production, cooking,
development, performance, entertainment, sacrifice, and ritual). According to the changes in
corresponding functions and demand layers, the evolution of residential forms can be divided into
three stages: basic functions from 1960 to 1980, functional expansion from 1980 to 2000, and
functional improvement from 2000 to the present. Quantitative analysis shows that in the basic
functional stage, survival and protection functions account for 50%. Residential buildings are mainly
in the form of loess high platform, with a single functional and structural form, small volume and
scattered layout, empty and low-enclosured courtyards, and weak decoration; In the stage of
functional expansion, the connection between residential forms and the functional needs of social life
levels has increased, and the overall impact of each layer is relatively balanced. Residential buildings
are mainly in the form of brick and stone low platform quadrangle courtyards, and the living
functional space and structural form have been expanded. The courtyard layout is complete and the
enclosure is high, and traditional decoration techniques are diverse and rich. In the stage of functional
enhancement, the influence of the spiritual enhancement layer accounts for more than 50%.
Residential buildings are mainly in the form of large single or two-story buildings, with more
functional spaces, clear and detailed zoning, flexible layout of auxiliary buildings, diverse building
structures, and rich courtyard landscapes. Furthermore, from six aspects including the treatment of the
courtyard base surface, courtyard layout, main building form, side houses and reversely-set house,
structure and construction, and decoration, the evolution path of the residential form characteristics
and demand driven residential form in the rural areas along the Yellow River in Binzhou at each stage
is summarized, and the reasons for the evolution of residential form caused by changes in residential
functional requirements are analyzed. The results show that the evolution process of residential spatial
form cannot be separated from the development and changes of environment, society, and demand.
Environmental safety is the foundation of social development, and social development leads to the
replacement and expansion of residential functional needs, which in turn drives the renewal and
evolution of residential form. These three drivers (regional environmental safety, social development,
and functional transformation) progress and interact with each other, comprehensively promoting the
evolution of residential form.In summary, with the implementation of a series of Yellow River controlprojects and rural construction, regional environmental security has been guaranteed, society has flourished, and the demand for residential functions has
increased. The residential form of rural areas along the Yellow River in the Binzhou section has undergone changes from the inside out. Rural residential
buildings have gradually evolved from single function, small and scattered loess high platform building forms to the current multi functional main houses and
flexible auxiliary spaces without high platform farmhouses. From above, it can be seen that in the future renewal and development of residential areas in this
region, while appropriately inheriting regional characteristics and construction wisdom, attention should also be paid to considering environmental conditions,
social development, functional needs, and other aspects. |
| Key words: morphological characteristics of dwellings functional requirement evolution villages along the Yellow River |
