摘要: |
近年来,我国抑郁症患者数量迅速
增加,但鲜有研究从建筑学角度,探索抑郁
症对个体环境感知的影响。本研究采用扎根
理论研究方法,对抑郁症患者进行了半结构
化访谈,并通过对访谈结果的编码分析,构
建了抑郁症患者的环境感知模型。在此基础
上,研究运用TOPSIS 方法优化数据,分析
了轻度、中度和重度抑郁症患者对环境要素
的关注度和感知差异。通过计算抑郁症患者
的环境综合感知度,研究发现抑郁症可能会
降低患者的整体环境感知,提高对少数环境
要素(如噪声)的敏感性,增加对空间私密
性和安全感的需求,并导致差异化的景观偏
好。根据抑郁症患者的环境感知特征,研究
提出针对不同抑郁程度患者的差异化环境设
计建议。本研究建立了抑郁症患者环境感知
的理论框架,也可为医疗建筑设计实践提供
参考依据。 |
关键词: 抑郁症 环境感知 扎根理论 TOPSIS评价法 环境心理学 |
DOI:10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240324005 |
分类号: |
基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52108017) |
|
Research on the impact of depression on individual environmental perception: Based ongrounded theory and TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method |
ZHOU Tianfu,WEI Yuxuan,ZHU Ziyi
|
Abstract: |
In recent years, the number of depression patients in China has been increasing rapidly.
This surge is alarming and calls for a multifaceted approach to address the issue. A large number of
clinical research results have shown that environmental factors have an important impact on the
psychological state and recovery efficiency of patients with depression. These factors can influence
mood, cognitive function, and overall well-being. However, despite the growing recognition of the
importance of environmental influences on mental health, there is currently a lack of relevant research
from the perspective of architecture, especially research results on the environmental perception of
patients with depression. This gap in knowledge limits our ability to design spaces that are truly
supportive of the needs of individuals with depression. Therefore, a comprehensive study using the
grounded theory research method was undertook, including semi-structured interviews with 33
depression patients. Our goal was to establish a theoretical model of environmental perception for
patients with depression.The grounded theory approach allowed us to explore the lived experiences of
individuals with depression in depth and derive meaningful insights from their perspectives. Through
this method, the study was able to identify common themes and patterns in how patients perceive their
environments. Through the Nvivo 12 plus software, the interview content was encoded and analyzed
to construct a theoretical model. This model covers three main categories: physical elements, spatial
elements, and environmental elements. These categories were further broken down into ten
subcategories and 22 specific concepts, providing a detailed framework for analysis. Specifically, the
physical elements category includes factors such as lighting, noise levels, and temperature, which can
directly affect a person’s comfort and mood. The spatial elements category encompasses aspects like
room size, layout, and the presence of private or communal spaces. The environmental elements
category considers the broader context, such as the presence of natural features, access to outdoor
spaces, and the overall atmosphere of the environment. To more accurately reflect the attention and
perception differences of patients with different degrees of depression to environmental elements, the
study used the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method to optimize the research results. By
applying this method, the study was able to quantify and compare the varying levels of environmental
perception among patients with mild, moderate, and severe depression. This allowed to identify which
environmental factors were most critical for each group and how they could be addressed in
architectural design.The research results show several important findings. Firstly, depression patients
are characterized by an overall dullness in environmental perception, coupled with increased
sensitivity to specific environmental elements. This means that while some sensory inputs may be less
noticeable to them, others can be overwhelmingly intense. Specifically, with the increase of the degree
of depression, patients’ sensitivity to noise and strong light increases significantly. For example,
patients with severe depression may find even moderate levels of background noise extremely
distracting and distressing. Secondly, patients with higher degrees of depression have a stronger needfor a sense of security and privacy in space. They tend to prefer closed space characteristics, such as rooms with fewer windows or higher walls, which can
provide a sense of enclosure and protection. This preference may stem from a desire to feel safe and sheltered from external stressors. In contrast, patients with
mild or moderate depression may be more open to environments that offer a balance between privacy and openness. Thirdly, patients with mild and moderate
depression pay more attention to natural landscapes. They often report feeling more relaxed and positive in environments that incorporate natural elements,
such as views of green spaces, water features, or access to outdoor areas. However, the perception of landscape environment of patients with severe depression
decreases sharply. They may feel disconnected from their surroundings and have difficulty deriving comfort or pleasure from natural settings. Based on the
environmental perception characteristics of depression patients, the study proposes differentiated environmental design suggestions for patients with different
degrees of depression from three aspects: reducing environmental stimulation, improving environmental privacy, and increasing landscape naturalness. For
patients with severe depression, it is crucial to minimize environmental stimuli that can cause distress, such as excessive noise or harsh lighting. Creating spaces
with soft, diffused lighting and sound-absorbing materials can help create a calming atmosphere. For all patients, but especially those with moderate to severe
depression, ensuring that spaces offer a sense of privacy and security is essential. This can be achieved through thoughtful layout design and the use of
partitions or other barriers to create secluded areas. Finally, incorporating natural elements into the design can benefit patients with mild to moderate
depression. This can be done through the use of indoor plants, natural materials, and views of outdoor green spaces. The research results not only enrich the
theoretical research on the environmental perception elements of patients with depression but also provide references for the design practice of healthcare
buildings. By understanding how different environmental factors affect patients with varying degrees of depression, architects and designers can create spaces
that support mental recovery and well-being. Future research may explore the environmental perception characteristics of patients with severe depression and
the long-term impact of environmental design on their recovery. This could involve longitudinal studies that track patients’ responses to specific environmental
interventions over time, as well as exploring how individual differences, such as age, gender, and cultural background, might influence environmental
perception and preferences. Additionally, future work could investigate the potential benefits of incorporating advanced technologies, such as smart lighting
systems or personalized environmental controls, into the design of therapeutic spaces. |
Key words: depression environmental perception grounded theory TOPSIS evaluation method environmental psychology |