| 摘要: |
| 住区建成环境健康效益评估是检验
公共空间资源配置效率的有效方式。本文以
大连市为例，通过构建住区建成环境健康效
益投入产出指标，运用数据包络分析法测度
效益水平；通过空间自相关与冷热点分析揭
示其空间分异特征，并利用地理探测器模型
识别关键因子。研究发现：大连市住区建成
环境健康效益综合效率相对较高，但整体有
效住区较少；健康效益值存在高值或低值空
间集聚，热点区多分布于沙河口区，冷点
区、次冷点区则集中分布于甘井子区。交叉
口密度、路网密度是住区建成环境发挥健康
效益的关键性因素，公共服务设施、NDVI、
休憩与遮蔽设施是强化性因素，封闭式住区
则表现为倾向性因素。“道路网络+公共服
务、绿色空间，绿色空间+公共服务，住区
安全+公共服务、道路网络”呈现出良好的
组合式健康效益，其能够为住区适老化规划
与设计提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 健康城市 健康效益 数据包络分
析 建成环境 适老性规划 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240220001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52078095）；福建省社会科学基金项目（FJ2023C038）；福建省教育系统哲学社会科学科研项目（JAS23030）；
福建省高校以马克思主义为指导的哲学社会科学学科基础理论研究项目（FJ2025MGCA038） |
|
| Evaluation of health benefits and identification of driving factors in built up residentialareas for physical activities of the elderly: Taking Dalian as an example |
|
LI Kangkang,JIANG Li,YANG Dongfeng
|
| Abstract: |
| Population aging is a nested process between individuals and their surrounding environment,
where the resources, abilities, and behavioral preferences of the elderly are not solely determined by
age, but rather by the aging process in their specific temporal and spatial environment, especially
closely related to the built environment of residential areas that carry the daily physical activities of
the elderly. China is currently in a historical process of rapid urbanization. For a long time, the
planning and regulation strategies that focus on growth management and excessively pursue overall
spatial performance have led to whether the construction environment of existing residential areas is
suitable for the physical activity needs of the elderly? Has it played a crucial role in maintaining the
basic behavioral functions and life rights of the elderly?Although existing research has measured the
health benefits of built environments from a single functional perspective such as park green spaces,
landscape design, and pedestrian suitability, there is relatively little analysis of their combined effects
on individual health from the perspective of functional complementarity. In fact, the active
intervention of elderly physical activity in the built environment of residential areas lies not only in
the rational allocation and layout of public space resources, but also in the overall spatial creation of
the built environment of residential areas to meet the “localized living” needs of the elderly
population. From the perspective of physical activity for the elderly, public service facilities are the
material basis for carrying out physical activity for the elderly, and the basic accessibility of service
facilities is a prerequisite for the elderly to experience and use the built environment. The safety and
landscape comfort of residential areas are also key factors that affect the duration and frequency of
physical activity for the elderly in the built environment. Obviously, the realization of the health
benefits of the built environment in residential areas lies in the complementarity of their functions,
including highly coordinated and closely divided basic functions such as public services,
transportation, leisure and entertainment, and residential work.This article takes Dalian as an example
and constructs an input-output index system for the health benefits of residential built environments
from the perspective of physical activity for the elderly. The data envelopment analysis constant
return to scale (CRS) model is used to measure the health benefits of residential built environments in
Dalian. The spatial differentiation is extracted through Global Molan’s I and local autocorrelation hot
and cold spot analysis, and the driving factors of health benefits are detected using a geographic
detector model. The research aims to quantitatively evaluate the efficiency of public space resource
allocation in residential areas from the perspective of aging, in order to provide decision-making
references for high-quality development of living environment under the background of stockplanning.The research results show that:1) the comprehensive efficiency of the built environment health benefits in residential areas in Dalian is relatively high,
with an average comprehensive efficiency of 0.893. However, most residential areas have not reached the optimal efficiency, and insufficient scale efficiency is
the main reason. There is a certain degree of high or low value spatial agglomeration of health benefits in the built environment of residential areas in Dalian.
The hotspots of health benefits are mostly distributed in Shahekou District, while the cold and secondary cold spots are concentrated in the old urban areas of
Ganjingzi District, such as Xiangheyuan, Lanxing Lane, and Hongqi Road residential areas. 2) The detection of health benefit factors shows that the road
network, mainly composed of intersection density and road network density, is a key factor in the health benefits of the built environment in residential areas.
Public restrooms, NDVI, rest and shelter facilities, as well as their spatial quality, are reinforcing factors, while safety in residential areas dominated by
enclosed structures is a directional factor. 3) The built environment of residential areas in Dalian has insufficient supporting public service facilities or poor
spatial layout, and the built environment of residential areas does not present a universal “dual” complementarity of functions. Among them, “dense road
network small blocks”, complete public service facilities, and appropriate green spaces are effective ways to achieve good health benefits of the built
environment of residential areas. |
| Key words: healthy city health benefits data envelopment analysis built environment aging planning |
