| 摘要: |
| 传统民居营建蕴含顺应自然的生态观
念，尤其在风环境营造上因地制宜，但如今传
统民居性能老化，新建民居缺乏科学引导，导
致室内热舒适和节能问题突出。在双碳目标
下，结合传统生态智慧与现代技术，利用风环
境调节室内热舒适、降低能耗意义重大。本研
究以关中窄院民居为对象，模拟分析其室内风
环境和热舒适分布，总结生态经验与不足，并
从空间形式、门窗洞口和围护结构气密性等方
面提出优化措施。结果显示，优化后夏季室内
平均风速增加0.1～0.2 m/s，冬季防风效果良
好， 室内热舒适性提升， 全年能耗降低
26.34 kW·h/m2，且考虑周围建筑遮挡后，通
风效果仍佳，为关中地区生态宜居民居建设
提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 窄院民居 风环境 数值模拟 热
舒适 生态宜居 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20231102001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52078419）；陕西省科技厅重点研发计划项目（2023-YBSF-189，2024SF-YBXM-629）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目
（2022JQ-555，2024JC-YBQN-0496）；陕西省教育厅智库项目（22JT032）；CSC国家公派访问学者项目（202208610089） |
|
| Optimization analysis of wind environment of ecological residential space in GuanzhongNarrow Courtyard |
|
XI Hong,RU Wenxin,MA Zhaoxi,ZHANG Qun,ZHU Yiyun
|
| Abstract: |
| China’s vast territory and vastly different climate conditions have created traditional
residential buildings with regional characteristics and simple ecological experiences in different
regions. Traditional residential buildings contain valuable ecological concepts that conform to nature in
the construction process, and have tailored design characteristics in creating wind environments.
However, over time, the performance of traditional residential buildings gradually ages and declines.
Due to the lack of scientific guidance, new residential buildings have many problems in indoor thermal
comfort and energy conservation. Against the backdrop of China’s dual carbon goals, drawing on the
ecological wisdom of traditional residential buildings and utilizing modern technological means to
regulate indoor thermal comfort through wind environment plays an important role in promoting
China’s dual carbon strategy goals, inheriting the ecological construction wisdom of traditional
residential buildings, and improving indoor thermal comfort. In recent years, the research team has
visited representative villages in the Guanzhong area for in-depth investigation and research. Through
questionnaire sorting and test data analysis, it was found that buildings in the Guanzhong area have
prominent problems of summer humidity and heat. In response to this situation, strengthening natural
ventilation can improve indoor thermal comfort environment. This study starts from an ecological
perspective, based on the climate characteristics and spatial characteristics of narrow courtyard houses
in the Guanzhong region, combined with a large number of questionnaire survey results and testing
work, summarizes the typical characteristics of traditional narrow courtyard houses in Guanzhong, and
establishes a typical narrow courtyard house model as the research object. With the goal of reducing
building energy consumption and improving indoor thermal comfort, this study simulates and analyzes
the indoor wind environment and thermal comfort distribution of typical narrow courtyard residential
buildings, summarizes and verifies the ecological experience and shortcomings contained therein, and
combines modern wind environment technology to optimize the spatial form and door and window
openings of typical narrow courtyard residential buildings from the perspective of summer ventilation
while maintaining regional characteristics. At the same time, to avoid winter heat loss caused by
improved ventilation effect in summer, from the perspective of winter wind protection, an optimization
strategy for the airtightness of enclosure structures is proposed to achieve indoor comfort. The main
research conclusions are as follows: (1) Simulating and calculating the summer wind speed of typical
narrow courtyard houses in the Guanzhong area. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the
narrow outdoor courtyard of narrow courtyard houses has good ventilation effect. However, due to the
lack of reasonable design, the natural wind in the courtyard is difficult to enter the indoor space. Except
for the main room with a weak wind speed of 0.011-0.062 m/s, the other rooms in the narrow courtyard
are basically in a calm wind state. This layout is very beneficial for winter building wind protection,but it also leads to poor ventilation inside the room in summer. (2) A wind environment ecological optimization strategy is proposed for typical narrow courtyard
residential buildings. After analysis and simulation verification, it can be concluded that a reasonable courtyard layout and door and window positions can ensure
good natural ventilation indoors. When the distance between the main room and the wing room is adjusted to 3 m, the doors and windows of the wing room are
arranged at a 90 ° angle, and windows are opened towards the optimized small courtyard. At the same time, external windows are added to the main room and
living room walls, which can increase the average indoor wind speed of narrow courtyard residential buildings in summer by 0.1-0.2 m/s. While strengthening
indoor ventilation in summer, to avoid heat loss in winter, improving the airtightness of the original enclosure structure can effectively prevent cold air infiltration
and resist winter cold winds. Considering the dense layout of residential buildings in Guanzhong Narrow Courtyard, a simulation analysis was conducted on
typical buildings under the obstruction of surrounding buildings. The results showed that the group buildings had a certain blocking effect on incoming air.
However, the narrow scale of streets and alleys and the shape of narrow courtyards can still introduce natural wind into the interior of the building group. By
relying on the internal narrow courtyard wind environment, the ventilation inside the room can be effectively driven. (3)After ecological optimization, the indoor
thermal comfort of narrow courtyard residential buildings has been significantly improved. After optimization, the average indoor PMV of narrow courtyard
residential buildings in summer decreased from 2.44 to below 1, and the number of indoor thermal comfort hours in winter significantly increased. The average
indoor PMV increased from -1.23 to -1.08. (4)After optimization, the cumulative energy consumption of narrow courtyard residential buildings decreased by
26.34 kW · h/m2 throughout the year. Compared with before optimization, the summer cooling load decreased by 5.93 kW · h/m2, and the winter heating load
decreased by 13.8 kW · h/m2. This effectively utilizes natural ventilation to reduce building energy consumption, which is of great significance for promoting the
ecological process of traditional residential buildings in the Guanzhong region. |
| Key words: narrow courtyard residential buildings wind environment numerical simulation thermal comfort ecological livability |
