| 摘要: |
| 中国士人园林活动自秦汉时期便成
为平衡仕隐矛盾、寄托精神需求的重要载
体，其中“独乐”与“众乐”两种模式集中
体现了士人群体追求身心调和、实现“精神
内守”的健康理念。当前学术界对传统园
林健康价值的系统性研究仍存在明显不足。
本文以“独乐园”与曲水流觞为典型案例，
结合文献分析、图像学研究及环境心理学
等多学科方法，系统探讨传统园林活动的
健康作用机制。研究表明：“独乐”模式通
过营造小尺度静谧空间的庇护感，强化个
体与自然的深度交互，达成精神内守与情
绪纾解；“众乐”活动则借助园林空间建构
内聚性交往场域，促进人际联结与情感共
鸣，从而有效疏导群体性负面情绪。两类模
式分别呼应了道家“独与天地精神往来”的
个体疗愈观与儒家“与众同乐”的群体健康
观，共同构建起传统园林“外适内和，体
宁心恬”的健康价值体系。本研究不仅丰
富了传统园林健康价值的跨学科阐释维度，
更为“健康中国”战略背景下的人居环境
建设提供了历史文脉参照与创新实践路径。
关键词：传统园林；历史图景；独乐园；曲
水流觞；健康价值 |
| 关键词: 传统园林 历史图景 独乐园 曲
水流觞 健康价值 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240106001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目（21BSH039） |
|
| “Solo Joy” and “Crowd Joys”: Insights into the health value of traditional gardeningactivities based on historical pictures |
|
JIAO Dian,TANG Jian,ZHAO Mingzhe
|
| Abstract: |
| Since the Qin and Han dynasties, Chinese scholars have been subjected to strict discipline
under the centralised system, and their gardening activities have gradually become an important
vehicle for balancing the conflicts between the scholars and the private sector, and for supporting their
spiritual needs. Whether it is the ‘solo pleasure’ of being alone or the ‘mass pleasure’ of elegant
gatherings and associations, all of them reflect the health concepts of the scholars in pursuit of
physical and mental harmony and the realisation of the ‘spirit of internal guardianship’. However, the
current academic research on the health value of traditional gardens is still in its infancy, mostly based
on health, feng shui and other ideological analyses, the lack of systematic theories and the connection
of modern healthy living environment. At the same time, globalised research on healthy human
environments has formed a mature paradigm, and the health value of traditional gardens urgently
needs to be explored in depth, with a view to providing theoretical support for contemporary design.
This study aims to explore the health value of the two modes of traditional Chinese gardens, namely
‘solo happiness’ and ‘group happiness’, and to reveal their internal mechanisms and ways of
functioning through the analysis of the historical picture. Combined with the needs of contemporary
society, the study analyses the implications of traditional gardening activities for the construction of
modern healthy living environments, so as to provide a reference for the construction of a theoretical
system of healthy gardens with Chinese characteristics. Specifically, the study focuses on the
following questions. How did the scholars regulate their body and mind through garden activities?
How do different environmental selection preferences affect health benefits? How do the health
values of traditional gardens integrate with modern health theories?The study takes paintings from the
Northern Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, as well as literary and historical materials as samples,
and adopts a multidisciplinary approach to analyse them. Firstly, representative historical scenes such
as Qiu Ying’s ‘Picture of the Garden of Solitude’ and Wen Zhengming’s ‘Picture of Cultivating the
Purification of the Orchid Pavilion’ are selected to analyse the spatial characteristics and behavioural
patterns of garden activities in conjunction with Sima Guang’s ‘Record of the Garden of Solitude’
and Wang Xizhi’s ‘Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Setting’, and other literature. Secondly, we use
iconographic methods to analyse the symbolic meanings of architectural scales, landscape layouts and
character interactions in paintings; and through literature analysis methods, we sort out the health
ideas embedded in poems and garden records. In addition, the theory of environmental psychology is
introduced to explore the mechanism of the role of garden space on emotional recovery and social
support, and compared with modern concepts of healing landscape and horticultural therapy to refine
the scientific nature of traditional wisdom.The study found that the first is the ‘solitude’ mode: smallscale
spaces create a quiet atmosphere and strengthen the experience of the five senses through a
sense of enclosure and the delicate design of natural elements. This kind of environment encouragespeople to focus on themselves, realising the spiritual sublimation of ‘unity of things’ and relieving anxiety and stress. The second is the mode of ‘crowded
joy’: the ‘goblet’ activity uses the meandering stream as a medium to build an intimate and cohesive space for social interaction. Literati groups not only
strengthen their social connections through poetry and wine, but also channel negative emotions through natural perception and collective interaction. Finally,
there is the dual dimension of health value: traditional gardens form the health mechanism of ‘physical and mental co-nourishment’ through the
complementarity of ‘solo happiness’ and ‘group happiness’, where the space for solitude meets the needs of individual spiritual inner guardianship, and the
space for social interaction strengthens the group's emotional and emotional well-being. The space for solitude meets the individual's need for spiritual inner
protection, while the space for socialising strengthens the group’s emotional belonging.The significance of the study is as follows. Firstly, theoretical value: it
fills the gap of traditional research on health value of gardens, constructs an analytical framework centred on ‘demand-value-practice’, and deepens the
interdisciplinary integration of garden history and health science. Secondly,practical significance it provides a reference path for contemporary health garden
design. In terms of space creation, the small-scale enclosure strategy of ‘Duluo Park’ can be used to design a quiet healing space; and the mobility layout of
‘Qu Shui Liu Goblet’ can be used to build an open scene for socialising. In terms of cultural heritage, the concept of balancing ‘uniqueness and universality’
can be integrated into modern landscapes to meet the needs of diverse groups, such as community gardens that balance private corners and public activity areas.
In terms of policy reference, we can respond to the strategy of ‘Healthy China’, promote the application of traditional health wisdom in the ‘Healthy Building
Evaluation Standards’ and other systems, and enhance the mental health support function of the living environment. Thirdly, the mission of the times: the
research is to learn from the past and emphasise the contemporary transformation of the health value of traditional gardens, and to contribute Chinese solutions
to the construction of a global healthy living environment. By exploring the universal logic of ‘happiness for all and happiness for all’, the study will provide
cultural resources and design inspiration to alleviate social problems such as loneliness and social alienation of modern urban people. |
| Key words: traditional gardens historical pictures solitary gardens water goblets health values |
