| 摘要: |
| 土地权属分置是我国农村特有的土
地管理模式，宅基地“三权分置”作为其制
度的拓展在提高土地利用效率、灵活度和保
护农民权益等方面提供了新路径，同时也对
农房设计中多方权益协调带来了新的挑战。
通过辨析宅基地“三权分置”背景下各权属
主体之间的差异与关联，探索群体与个体、
本土与外来的权益平衡基础上的农房设计新
思路，目的在于引导农房设计摆脱单一物理
空间营建逻辑，逐步转向“权属—空间—经
营”系统耦合的设计方式，提升设计的科学
性、实用性与长效性，更好地服务于各方主
体，实现与制度的协同发展。 |
| 关键词: 宅基地 三权分置 权益平衡 农
房设计 多方主体 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20250305001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目（51938002）；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（51608024） |
|
| Strategies for rural housing design under the background of the “three rights separation”of homestead land to balance the interests of multiple parties |
|
WANG Tao,GAN Zhenkun
|
| Abstract: |
| The “three rights separation” of rural homesteads in China is a unique land management
model designed to enhance land use efficiency, flexibility, and the protection of farmers’ rights. This
system distinguishes between homestead ownership, qualification rights, and usage rights, with
ownership retained by village collectives, qualification rights held by collective members, and usage
rights transferable to other entities. While this framework has improved land utilization and provided
new avenues for farmers’ welfare, it has also introduced complexities in coordinating the interests of
multiple stakeholders in rural housing design.Village collectives, as the owners of homestead land,
prioritize macro-value orientation, overall planning, and public facility construction. They focus on
maintaining the rural landscape, ecological environment, and cultural heritage. Villagers, holding
qualification and usage rights, are primarily concerned with meeting their living and production
needs. They require housing that is safe, comfortable, and functional, with adequate space for both
living and agricultural activities. Operating entities, which may include external businesses or
individuals, seek to maximize economic benefits. Their involvement often introduces commercial
functions into rural housing, such as bed-and-breakfasts, agricultural processing facilities, and other
income-generating activities.To address these diverse interests, this study proposes a comprehensive
strategy for rural housing design. First, a decision-making mechanism that includes representatives
from village collectives, villagers, operating entities, and relevant government departments ensures
that all stakeholders’ interests are considered in the planning and design process. Regular consultation
meetings provide a platform for expressing needs and concerns, leading to more balanced and
acceptable outcomes for all parties involved.Second, an assessment and compensation mechanism is
essential. Professional teams should evaluate the impact of land transfer and housing renovation on
stakeholders’ rights and interests. Based on these assessments, subsidies and compensation should be
provided to those who suffer losses for the sake of public interests. This mechanism helps to ensure
that the interests of all parties are balanced and that rural housing construction can proceed smoothly.
Third, the integration of cultural and technological elements is crucial. Rural housing design should
not only preserve traditional architectural symbols but also embody the lifestyle concepts behind
them. By combining modern construction techniques with traditional elements, it is possible to
enhance the functionality, economy, and comfort of rural housing while maintaining local cultural
heritage. Additionally, the use of local materials and traditional craftsmanship can help preserve the
rural landscape, while the application of modern technologies, such as energy-saving and
prefabricated systems, can improve building performance and safety. Practical applications of these
strategies can be seen in Yanqing District, Beijing. A two-level guidance framework, comprising
“design guidelines” and “recommended solutions”, has been developed to balance the interests of
village collectives and individual villagers. The design guidelines provide clear regulations and
positive/negative lists for rural housing construction, ensuring compliance with overall planning and
style requirements. The recommended solutions offer a range of design options that cater to different
family structures, functional needs, and economic conditions, allowing villagers to select the most
suitable designs for their specific circumstances.Demonstration projects have also played a significantrole in showcasing high-quality, adaptable housing designs. These projects serve as examples of how to integrate multiple interests and achieve a balance
between functionality and aesthetics. Through on-site visits and experience-sharing activities, the positive outcomes of these projects have been disseminated,
encouraging the adoption of similar approaches in other rural areas. In conclusion, rural housing design under the “three rights separation” framework must
move beyond a singular focus on physical space construction. Instead, it should adopt a holistic approach that integrates ownership, space, and operational
considerations. This integrated approach does not only meet the current needs of all stakeholders but also anticipate and accommodate future changes, ensuring
sustainable rural development and contributing to the broader goals of rural revitalization. Future efforts should continue to refine these strategies, improve
policy support systems, and strengthen collaboration among all parties involved in rural housing construction. |
| Key words: homestead land three rights separation rights and interests balance rural housing design multiple parties |
