| 摘要: |
| 自然保护区是为了保护生物多样性
及生态系统而划定的区域，对生物及其环境起
着重要的作用；近年来，随着城市建成区的不
断扩大，逐渐受到人工光的侵扰。为探究城市
化进程中我国自然保护区的光污染状况，以
2012—2021 年校正后的NPP/VIIRS（搭载在
NPP卫星上的传感器：可见光红外成像辐射
套件）夜光遥感图像为研究对象， 借助
ArcGIS 平台，从数量变化、水平变化和强度
变化三方面，分析我国自然保护区的光污染
变化。结果发现：第一，2012—2021 年我国
未受人工光污染的自然保护区数量在逐渐减
少，到2021 年研究样本中仅剩52 个，主要
分布于黑龙江和内蒙古；第二，我国自然保
护区光污染的程度整体呈上升趋势；第三，
本次研究范围内，其中有50.56%的自然保护
区光污染呈增加趋势，多数地区污染程度提
高一个层级，空间上主要分布于西部和西南
地区，38%自然保护区光污染呈稳定趋势，
主要分布于中部和东部地区；11%的自然保
护区光污染呈下降趋势，主要分布东北的黑
龙江和内蒙古地区。本研究结果为更全面地
控制自然保护区光污染提供了科学依据，为
生态保护决策提供了重要支撑。 |
| 关键词: 自然保护区 夜光遥感 光污染 NPP/VIIRS 生态保护 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20231205001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52178067） |
|
| Evolution of light pollution in nature reserves based on luminous remote sensing |
|
LIU Ming,LI Ruicong,LIU Qingyuan,LI Xi,WU Chenglong
|
| Abstract: |
| Nature reserves are designated areas aimed at protecting biodiversity and ecosystems,
playing a crucial role in preserving biological species and their environments. In recent years, with the
continuous expansion of urban built-up areas, nature reserves have gradually been encroached upon
by artificial light. This study utilizes vector surface data and point data provided by the China Nature
R eserve Biological Specimen Resource Sharing Platform. Additionally, the study employs NPP/
VIIRS monthly data from 2012 to 2021, synthesizing it into annual average data, and optimizes data
quality through processes such as outlier removal, negative value elimination, noise reduction, and
continuity correction. The research methodology primarily focuses on changes in the quantity, level,
and intensity of light pollution. Firstly, regarding quantity changes, this study adopts an NPP/VIIRS
pixel value of ≤0.33 as the standard for unpolluted areas and uses the maximum pixel value within a
reserve to determine whether it is polluted. Data from 2012 to 2021 are analyzed to calculate the
annual proportion of nature reserves free from light pollution. Secondly, for level changes, two
nighttime light indices are constructed to represent light pollution levels: the first is the Total
Nighttime Light (TNL) of all nature reserves nationwide, and the second is the Mean Nighttime Light
(NTM) of nature reserves. Finally, for intensity changes, a linear regression trend analysis is applied
to assess light pollution trends across all nature reserves, with linear regression models established
based on calculated values for each reserve. The findings are as follows. 1) From a regional
perspective, nature reserves in the northwest and north China regions experience relatively less light
pollution, with Shaanxi, Qinghai, and Shanxi Provinces being the least affected. In contrast, the
central-south region shows the most significant light pollution, with Guangdong, Guangxi, and
Hainan Provinces having the highest levels. Over the past decade, the number of nature reserves
affected by light pollution has increased in most provinces, with only a few remaining stable. Hainan
and Guangdong Provinces experienced the most significant changes, each adding 13 affected
reserves, while Jiangxi, Liaoning, Hunan, and Sichuan Provinces also saw notable increases. Stable
regions fall into two categories: western provinces such as Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai
Province and Guizhou Province saw no new light-polluted reserves, while areas like Tianjin
maintained stable light environments from 2012 to 2021.2) A quantitative analysis of all nature
reserves affected by human-induced light pollution at the national level reveals that TNL increased
annually from 2012 to 2017 and stabilized from 2017 to 2021. From 2012 to 2021, the total DN value
increased by 120 000, representing a 71.54% growth relative to 2021. Meanwhile, NTM showed an
upward trend during the same period, rising from 0.66 in 2012 to 1.21 in 2021, with an increase of
0.55, representing an 83.85% growth relative to 2012. The analysis indicates that both the number of
light-polluted nature reserves and NTM have been increasing, suggesting that light pollution is not
only expanding in scope but also intensifying in strength.3) Overall, light pollution in nature reservesin the central and eastern regions tends to stabilize, while the western region shows a slow increase, and the northern region experiences a decline. Based on
annual light radiation values, the study quantifies changes in the number of nature reserves affected by different levels of light pollution from 2012 to 2021.
Among the three levels, the moderate level shows the most rapid growth, indicating that an increasing number of nature reserves in China are being affected by
light pollution. The severe level reveals that parts of 227 nature reserves have light environments comparable to urban built-up areas, which could severely
damage ecosystems and disrupt biological rhythms.This study evaluates changes in light pollution in China’s nature reserves using time-series-corrected NPP/
VIIRS nighttime light images from 2012 to 2021. Firstly, it quantitatively analyzes nature reserves unaffected by artificial light. Secondly, it establishes
nighttime light indices to assess changes in light pollution across national nature reserves. Finally, it classifies light pollution based on light radiation values to
analyze hierarchical changes in light pollution within nature reserves. The results provide a scientific basis for more comprehensive control of light pollution in
nature reserves and offer critical support for ecological conservation decision-making. Future research will delve deeper into the potential impacts of light
pollution on nature reserve ecosystems, including effects on plants, animals, and nocturnal environments, to provide further scientific evidence for ecological
protection. By integrating multi-source remote sensing data and ground monitoring data, the precision and reliability of research can be enhanced, offering a
more comprehensive understanding of light pollution in nature reserves. Future studies should also consider establishing buffer zones and formulating relevant
policies to control and reduce light pollution in nature reserves. |
| Key words: nature reserve luminous remote sensing light pollution NPP/VIIRS ecological protection |
