| 摘要: |
| 人口老龄化是个体与周围环境相互嵌套的过程。
通过配套建设以适应老年人体力活动需要的建成环境，
是城市空间主动式干预老龄健康问题的有效切入点。既
有研究多关注于健康支持性建成环境要素识别，而较少
对其感知功能进行定位，导致在具体规划实践中难以循
章依据。为此，研究基于社会认知理论，通过构建涵盖
老年人体力活动意愿、主观感知与住区及周边核心建成
环境要素的影响关系模型，从感知与中介视角甄别影响
老年人体力活动意愿的关键性建成环境要素，并获取老
年人对其感知功能。研究发现：景观舒适性（β=0.332）、
交通安全性（β=0.157）、出行通畅性（β=0.146）、交通便捷
性（β=0.079）是老年人体力活动意愿形成的主观敏感性
因素，治安安全性作用不明显。建成环境层面，社区开
放形式（ɑ=0.117）、路网密度（ɑ=0.579）、NDV（I Normalized
Difference Vegetation Index）（ɑ=0.172）、休憩与遮蔽设施
（ɑ=0.128）具有正向效应，地块面积（ɑ=-0.168）、交叉口
密度（ɑ=-0.572）存在负向效应，公交站点密度、公交站
点时间可达性无显著相关性。中介效应表明：社区开放
形式是影响老年人交通安全性的关键性要素，NDVI植被
系数则会影响景观舒适性、出行通畅性的主观感知，进
而影响老年人体力活动意愿的形成。研究结果能够为既
有住区建成环境适老化改造提供决策参考。 |
| 关键词: 健康城市 体力活动意愿 建成环境 中介效应 适老性规划 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230216003 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52078095）；福建省社会科学基金项目（FJ2023C038）；福建省教育系统哲学社会科学科研项目（JAS23030） |
|
| Analysis of the relationship between built environment and physical activity willingnessof the elderly: From the perspective of perception and mediation effect |
|
LI Kangkang,YANG Dongfeng,JIANG Li
|
| Abstract: |
| The aging population in China is accelerating. In the face of a large population
aging transformation, how to ensure the basic rights of elderly people to participate in
society, reduce major disease risk factors, and improve their quality of life in their later
years has become an important issue of concern for government management departments
and academic circles. Physical activity has good health benefits. Elderly people actively
participate in moderate physical activity, which can effectively maintain their physical
health and self-care ability, improve their quality of life in later years, and promote the
formation of a positive and healthy aging model. The community built environment is an
important material foundation for the daily physical activity of the elderly. However, China
is in the historical process of rapid urbanization development, and the long-term growth
management led planning and regulation strategy has formed a spatial form dominated by
motor vehicles and with clear functional zoning, which is not conducive to physical
activity for the elderly. Faced with the dual challenges of aging population and rapid
urbanization, it is necessary to explore a new approach to planning and regulation that
focuses more on individual health and quality of life.The social cognitive theory believes
that individuals, behaviors, and the environment are interdependent and interconnected
entities, and the impact of the environment on individual behavior is usually mediated by
cognitive mechanisms. This process focuses on the impact of individual psychological
activities on behavioral decision-making, emphasizing the individual’s perception and
symbolization of the environment as an agent. The key to achieving proactive intervention
in public health issues in the built environment is the objective perception of the built
environment and the accurate positioning of its perception function. Unfortunately,
existing research has focused more on the identification of health supporting built
environment elements and less on the positioning of their perceptual functions, making it
difficult to provide decision-making references for optimizing existing built environments
to effectively intervene in health aging in urban spaces. Therefore, based on social
cognitive theory, this article constructs an impact relationship model that covers the
willingness of elderly people to engage in physical activity, subjective perception, and core
built environment elements in residential areas and surrounding areas. From the
perspective of perception and mediation, key built environment elements that affect elderly
people’s willingness to engage in physical activity are identified and individual perceptionfunctions are obtained.Results show Landscape comfort (β=0.332), traffic safety (β=0.157), travel patency (β=0.146) and traffic convenience (β=0.079) are
the subjective sensitive factors for the formation of physical activity willingness of the elderly, and the role of public security safety is not significant. This is
not to negate the promoting effect of public security safety on physical activity among the elderly. However, in the current context of long-term social stability
in China, the formation of physical activity willingness among the elderly has not generated a sensitive demand for public security safety in residential areas
and surrounding built environments. In terms of built environment, the community opening form (ɑ=0.117), road network density (ɑ=0.579), NDVI (ɑ=0.172),
rest and shelter facilities (ɑ =0.128) have positive effects, and the plot area (ɑ =-0.168) and intersection density (ɑ =-0.572) have negative effects, while the
relationship between the density of bus stops and the accessibility of bus stops is not obvious. The reason may be that as the mobility of elderly people
decreases, and their daily physical activities are gradually reduced to residential areas and surrounding areas that can be reached by walking, the impact of
transportation convenience mainly based on public transportation is relatively limited. Mediation effect indicates that the form of community opening is the key
factor affecting the traffic safety of the elderly, while the NDVI will affect the subjective perception of landscape comfort and travel patency, and then affect the
formation of the physical activity willingness of the elderly. Some influence paths that fail to pass the Sobel-test reflect that the built environment in Dalian is
not old enough or the corresponding built environment elements fail to effectively trigger the subjective perception differences of the elderly. |
| Key words: healthy city physical activity willingness built environment mediating effect aging planning |
