| 摘要: |
| 圩田是于水中筑堤造田的土地利用方
式，常见于我国长江中下游水源丰沛地区，具有
极高的农技价值、水利价值、生态价值与地方
人文价值。然而在当前国内外农耕文化与湿地
保护工作的积极开展下，圩田景观的系统性研究
及专项发展规划稍显不足。研究对巢湖流域圩
田景观进行要素提取，结合景观破碎度与景观
格局指数分析得出三大地区。从中提取34个村
落样本，运用类型学研究方法总结圩田景观的
三原型与六类型，得出自然要素稳定性主导、农
技生产进步要求及生产管理高效能追求的三大
原型演替因素，并针对性提出形成生态型、休闲
型及复合型圩田景观的规划发展建议。 |
| 关键词: 圩田景观 类型学 景观生态 巢湖
流域 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240623 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目（19YJA
ZH075） |
|
| A typological study on the landscape characteristics of the polder fields in the ChaohuLake Basin |
|
REN Shaobin,WANG Yuqi
|
| Abstract: |
| Polders are areas of cultivated land that are created by enclosing shallow bodies of water
with dykes and gates, and then pumping out the water to create arable land. They are commonly
found along rivers, lakeshores, and coastlines, as well as in areas with a network of waterways. In
the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, they are known as yuan fields, while in the lower reaches
they are referred to as polders. Crop rotation in dike fields can provide multiple benefits, including
improving soil fertility, promoting crop production, and optimizing water resources. Additionally,
it serves as an important secondary wetland with high agrotechnical, hydrological, ecological, and
cultural values. This practice exemplifies the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.
However, in current domestic and foreign farming culture and wetland protection work, there is
active development. There is a slight insufficiency in polder landscape systematic research and
special development planning.
The Chaohu Lake Basin is considered as one of the birthplaces of China’s agricultural
cantonment due to its rich topography, abundant precipitation, and typical climate. The polder
landscape in the area has a long history, is large in scale, and rich in features along the river to
the lagoon. It has undergone many rounds of swidden cultivation, making it highly valuable for
typological research. Typological research can identify the genes of polder landscape and provide
a reasonable judgement for its formation and development. This paper focuses on the poldered
landscape in Chaohu Lake basin. It combines the theory of landscape ecology with typology to
identify the development law and spatial characteristics of the poldered landscape in the basin. The
aim is to enrich the planning research related to rural revitalisation and provide references for the
planning and design of the basin, as well as work related to the protection of the landscape.
This paper examines the elements of the polder landscape in the Chaohu Lake Basin using
landscape ecology research methods. The distribution of the polder landscape pattern in the basin as
a whole is obtained. Texture analysis of the polder landscape was carried out on 34 village samples.
From the perspective of typology research, three prototypes and six types of polder landscapes were
identified and their distribution characteristics in the watershed space were explored. The results
indicate that polders in the Chaohu Lake basin are primarily located in the plain water network and
hill areas. Only a few polders are dispersed around the rivers in the mountainous area due to the high
terrain, sparse river channels, and lack of environmental factors that constitute polders. Prototype
1’s polder landscape has the smallest volume and is generally fragmented and distributed far from
the town centre or bodies of water. The mountain and water potential form a smaller unit, resulting
in a less regular boundary. Prototype 2’s polder landscape has the largest volume and is continuously
distributed around Chaohu Lake and along the river in most areas, with good continuity. Prototype
3’s polder landscape is less voluminous and generally distributed in the area of neighbouring
water bodies and towns. It is closely connected with prototype 2 and has a more regular geometric
boundary.
The polderscape in the Chaohu Lake Basin reflects the development possibilities of the
polderscape in different periods and states. It also reveals the attributes of the distribution of the
landscape pattern in the basin. By combining the succession history and distribution results of thepolder landscape, the succession characteristics of the three main archetypes are obtained. Prototype 1 links natural elements and exhibits slow succession.
Prototype 2 is based on settlements and watercourses, and exhibits polymorphism with varying rates of succession based on boundary elements. Prototype
3 is partially linked to natural elements and exhibits a relatively high rate of succession. Finally, this study identifies the three main factors that contribute
to the stability of natural elements, the progress of agronomic production, and the pursuit of high performance in production management. Suggestions for
planning and developing ecological, recreational, and composite polder landscapes are provided based on these archetypal succession factors. |
| Key words: polder landscape typology landscape pattern Chaohu Lake Basin |
