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| 古代文人诗词中的江南园林意象
—以宋代为例 |
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唐上捷1, 曾 卫2, 陈 丹3
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1.重庆大学建筑城规学院，硕士;2.（ 通讯作者）：重庆大学建筑城规学院，
教授，zengw@cqu.edu.cn;3.重庆大学建筑城规学院，博士研究生
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| 摘要: |
| 诗中有江南，诗词中的江南园林意象，
是一种中国古代文人将宇宙哲学观、人生情怀、
空间体验等融合并高度凝练的理想表达，有着
极高的理论研究价值。本文通过梳理历史脉
络，总结江南园林意象特征，将其归类为三个主
要方面：归隐山水之间的“园田居”、调和城乡
空间的“中隐之所”与赏玩诗画意境的“壶中天
地”，并据此提取江南园林意象特征关键词，进
而结合阅读宋代文人诗词，对《全宋词》与江南
园林强相关联的字词出现频率进行分析，综合
得出宋代诗词中的江南园林意象：缩山水奇观、
揽四时花木、画重门幽窗。在此基础上，选取宋
代苏州《平江图》区域为例，通过文献分析法与
田野调查法，探讨与空间相关联的宋代江南园林
意象图景。旨在拓宽学术研究视野，启发现代人
居环境营造以及大地园林化建设。 |
| 关键词: 江南园林 意象 古代诗词 古代文人 古代人居环境 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240622 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| The imagery of Jiangnan gardens in ancient literati poetry: A case study of the SongDynasty |
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TANG Shangjie,ZENG Wei,CHEN Dan
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| Abstract: |
| In Tang Dynasty poetry, it is said that Jiangnan has beautiful scenery, and everyone
praises it. Tourists only want to grow old in Jiangnan and do not want to leave or forget it. Song
Dynasty poetry says: In Jiangnan, rain falls on trees, and countless flowers bloom overnight. If you
happen to arrive in Jiangnan in time for spring, stay with it for millions. Jiangnan is often associated
with poetry. The imagery of Jiangnan gardens depicted in poetry is an ideal expression of ancient
Chinese literati, which integrates and condenses cosmology, life emotions, spatial experiences,
making it highly valuable for theoretical research. This article reviews the historical development
of Jiangnan gardens and understands the relevant descriptions of Jiangnan gardens in existing
literature. For example, Jiangnan gardens are influenced by Chinese classical painting and the
worldview of ancient literati. The garden design imitates freehand landscape painting, stacking hills
with soil and mountains with stones to introduce water into the garden, forming curved streams,
calm lakes, vivid waterfalls and other landscapes. By using flowers and trees of different colors
that open in different seasons, such as red maple leaves and green bamboo forests, and through the
artistic combination of high and low, Jiangnan gardens create a spring like floral and tree landscape
throughout the four seasons. For example, the overall style of Jiangnan gardens is simple and elegant,
with exquisite and beautiful buildings inside, rich functions, and can be used for sightseeing, living,
and so on. The imagery of Jiangnan gardens is a highly condensed form of Jiangnan gardens, which
is the psychological image of Jiangnan gardens in the eyes of ancient literati. Therefore, based on
the above content, the characteristics of Jiangnan garden imagery are summarized and classified
into the following three main aspects: the “garden field residence” that hides between mountains and
waters, the “hidden place” that harmonizes urban and rural spaces, and the “heaven and earth in a
pot” that appreciates the artistic conception of poetry and painting. Then, based on the summarized
three types of features, extract the key words of Jiangnan garden image features. Furthermore, by
simultaneously reading some poems and verses of Song Dynasty literati, analyzing the frequency
of words and phrases in the Complete Song Ci that are strongly related to Jiangnan gardens, a
comprehensive understanding of the imagery of Jiangnan gardens in Song Dynasty poetry can be
obtained. Keyword extraction mainly refers to the specific and vivid imagery vocabulary in the
composition of Jiangnan garden elements, including classical architecture such as halls, pavilions,
pavilions, and galleries. Artificially constructed mountains and waters, such as rockeries in gardens,
rockeries by pools, rockeries in building halls, rockeries that look like screens and painted walls,
small rivers, lakes, ponds, ancient wells, streams, and waterfalls in gardens, and shoreline treatment
by water, such as revetments, islands, sandy beaches, bridges, water gates, and waterfront trails.
Flowers and trees such as peach blossoms, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, lotus flowers, reeds,
pine, cypress, bamboo, maple, willow, poplar, and so on. In ancient literati poetry, there are extremely
rich images of Jiangnan, and these poems related to Jiangnan often depict mountains, rivers, wind
and rain, fishing boats, flowers, and so on. The landscape of Jiangnan gardens, although artificially
constructed, is imitated as if it were naturally formed. During the development of Jiangnan gardens,they gradually integrated with poetry and painting. The gardens built by ancient literati in the Jiangnan region are also extensively recorded in related poems,
garden notes, couplets, inscriptions, calligraphy and painting. From the words and phrases related to the imagery characteristics of Jiangnan gardens in Song
Dynasty poetry, it can be found that the frequent appearance of images such as mountains and waters, Mei Lan Gui Ju Feng He, colorful bridges and painted
boats, and Tingzhou herons form a strong visual effect. Even if the imagery in poetry can transcend paper and connect visual and auditory senses such as
eyes and ears through textual descriptions, the overall spatial imagery of Jiangnan gardens is still difficult to construct an image framework from pure words.
On this basis, the gardens within the area of the Song Dynasty Suzhou “Pingjiang Map” were selected as research examples. Through literature analysis and
field investigation, the possible scenarios of the Song Dynasty Jiangnan garden imagery map were explored from the perspective of spatial imagery. From the
exploration of the imagery of Jiangnan gardens, a conclusion can be drawn that corresponds to the characteristics of Jiangnan garden imagery summarized
earlier. The purpose of this article is to add connotation to the theoretical research of Jiangnan gardens, broaden the academic research perspective, and
inspire the practice of modern living environment creation: introducing beautiful natural landscapes and urban landscapes from the outside, and building
living spaces that meet poetic and functional needs internally. In addition, promote the construction of garden cities with distinct regional characteristics and
the development of land landscaping. |
| Key words: Jiangnan gardens imagery ancient poetry ancient literati ancient living environment |
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