| 摘要: |
| 城市潮汐式拥堵已成为各大城市最严
重的城市问题之一，而城市中小学“通学”在时
间和空间上与“通勤”叠加，加剧了城市交通潮
汐式拥堵现象，目前研究多聚焦在缓解“通勤”
交通拥堵，而忽略了“通学”引起的交通拥堵问
题。为了缓解城市潮汐式交通拥堵问题，提高城
市环境的宜居品质，从中小学服务区划角度研
究缓解“通学”引起的交通问题势在必行。在对
西安市大量中小学进行线上、线下问卷调查的
基础上，选取西安市雁塔区中小学为案例，运用
SPSS相关分析对多个致堵影响因素进行综合分
析，并基于GIS平台，通过交通可达性分析、基于
路网的服务区分析、缓冲区分析及泰森多边形等
空间分析，分析现状道路在不同速度下的可达
性，评价中小学空间布局现状，提出中小学服务
范围区划方法。研究发现：在综合考虑中小学规
模的基础上，将基于路径的服务区划方法与泰
森多边形相结合进行服务区划分的方法，可有效
提高区域中小学的可达性。该研究结果可为类似 |
| 关键词: 通学 中小学 GIS 服务范围 可达性 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240616 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目（52108039）；国家自然
科学基金面上项目（52478040） |
|
| Research on service area to alleviate tidal congestion in primary and secondary schools |
|
FENG Xiao,DONG Xiao,HUO Xiaoping
|
| Abstract: |
| Urban tidal congestion has become one of the most serious urban problems in major cities
in Chinese. The “commuting to school” of primary and secondary school students in cities overlaps
with “commuting to work” in terms of time and space, which aggravates the phenomenon of tidal
congestion in urban traffic. At present, most of the domestic and foreign studies focus on alleviating
the traffic congestion caused by “commuting to work”, while ignoring the traffic congestion problems
caused by “commuting to school”. In order to alleviate the problem of tidal traffic congestion in cities
and improve the livable quality of the urban environment, it is imperative to study the alleviation of
traffic problems caused by “commuting to school” from the perspective of service area.
Based on the online and offline questionnaire survey of a large number of primary and
secondary schools in Xi’an, and taking the primary and secondary schools in Yanta District of
Xi’an as a case, SPSS software was used to analyze the correlation of multiple factors causing traffic
congestion. Based on GIS platform, the accessibility of the existing roads under different travel
modes was studied to master the characteristics and laws of the pick-up and drop-off behaviors
in urban primary and secondary schools. The survey and analysis found that more than half of
the current primary and secondary school students live outside the service scope specified in the
specification. With the increase of the length of commuting to school, the proportion of students
commuting on foot and by non-motor vehicles decreased, and the proportion of motor vehicle and
public transport increased. There is a significant connection between the choice of commuting mode
and the distance from the school.
Taking the primary and secondary schools in Yanta District of Xi’an as the object, using the
service area analysis and multi ring buffer zone analysis of GIS, it was found that the service area
based on path analysis is irregular polygon, and the residential area covered by it is significantly less
than that covered by the traditional way, which is difficult to cover all the roads around the residential
area. The method of dividing service areas by Tyson polygons can cover the entire research area
and also ensure that the distance from any point within the polygon to the central point within the
area is shorter than that to the central points of other areas. But the division result is separated from
the actual road network. Based on the scale of the school, this study combines the Tyson polygon
with the service area analysis method based on the road network, the service areas of primary and
secondary schools in Yanta District were redefined. After the delimitation, the school commute time
within the service areas was significantly reduced, alleviating the traffic pressure to a certain extent.
The study draws the following conclusions. The characteristics of “commuting to school”
congestion in primary and secondary schools are: tidal-like, diffuse, centralized, and this congestion
has inertia and predictability in time and space. ArcGIS traffic accessibility analysis and service area
analysis based on road network are applied to determine the appropriate service scope of primary
and secondary schools: 500-800 meters for primary schools. The middle school is 1 000-1 500
meters. On the basis of comprehensive consideration of the size of primary and secondary schools,
the service area division method based on path and Tyson polygon can effectively improve theaccessibility of regional primary and secondary schools. The results of this study can provide reference for the division of the service scope of primary and
secondary schools in similar urban areas, which is of great significance to alleviate the tidal congestion of urban general education and promote the efficient
and low-carbon operation of the city. |
| Key words: commuting to school primary and secondary schools GIS services area accessibility |
