| 摘要: |
| 将409个黔东南传统村落为研究对象，
采用ArcGIS与GeoDetector进行地理空间数据
的量化分析，从时空演变角度对村落分布特征
与军事建设因素的影响进行研究，重点探讨明代
的变化，最后讨论汉文化的影响和整体影响机
制，以期为地区文化溯源与保护利用提供理论
依据。结果表明：第一，黔东南传统村落主要为
少数民族，在多个中心聚集，选址靠近河流与山
地，明代的情况与整体相似度极高。第二，传统
村落的数量与距离军事城镇的距离呈负相关，与
军事驿道保持一定距离相持生长，进入明代更
加明显。GeoDetector探测得出军事建设因素解
释力大于自然选址因素，明代军事驿道解释力最
大。第三，汉文化使汉族聚落萌芽，促进了明代
黔东南村落“大杂居、小聚居”的基本局面。第
四，明代军事建设从自然地理，社会经济和历史
文化方面造就了黔东南城市、交通和文化格局，
进而决定了黔东南村落之后的分布格局发展。 |
| 关键词: 黔东南 传统村落 分布特征 军事建
设 影响机制 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240523 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目（52308057） |
|
| Research on the influence of military construction in the Ming Dynasty on the distributioncharacteristics of villages in Southeast Guizhou |
|
YANG Guanglei,FAN Jinyu,YANG Mu,LI Zhe
|
| Abstract: |
| Traditional villages are not only important material elements of human settlements, but
also important carriers of culture and history. Nowadays, traditional villages are dying out in the
modern environment, which makes the protection, inheritance and rational use of traditional villages
imminent. From 2012 to 2019, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development, the Ministry
of Culture, the Ministry of Finance and other departments published a total of five batches of
traditional villages list, a total of 6 799 traditional villages in the country, including 409 in Southeast
Guizhou, ranking first among the prefecture level administrative regions in the country. On June 1st,
2020, the central government launched the work of protecting and utilizing traditional villages in 10
areas where traditional villages are concentrated, with prefecture level cities as the unit. Southeast
Guizhou Prefecture is one of them, which means that the history and culture of traditional villages
in Southeast Guizhou need to be more systematically integrated. The establishment of Guizhou
Province originates from the military history of the Ming Dynasty. Southeast Guizhou is the starting
area of the military post road of the Ming Dynasty, which is of great strategic significance. Therefore,
the military construction has a far-reaching impact on this region. Many studies mentioned the
dominant position of military factors in the Ming Dynasty in the formation of traditional villages in
Southeast Guizhou, especially the important influence of the development of “one route” post roads,
but did not explore.
This paper takes 409 traditional villages in Southeast Guizhou as the research object, uses
ArcGIS to visualize geospatial data and construct quantitative data, and uses GeoDetector to deeply
quantify the explanatory power of various influencing factors. This paper studies the distribution
characteristics of villages and military construction factors from the perspective of time and space
evolution, and uses qualitative analysis to assist quantitative analysis, focusing on the changes in the
Ming Dynasty. Finally, the influence of Han culture and the overall impact mechanism are discussed
to expand the potential influence and law of military construction. The results show that: 1) the
traditional villages in Southeast Guizhou are mainly ethnic minorities, gathered in many centers,
and the situation of the Ming Dynasty is very similar to the whole. The overall location of the village
is close to rivers and mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, the village gathering point turned to highaltitude
areas, which is further away from the river. The main gathering trunk stream is the Qingshui
River. 2) The number of traditional villages has a negative correlation with the distance from military
towns, which became more obvious after the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, the location of traditional
villages moved towards high-altitude mountains that are farther away from military towns and rivers
and more defensive, resulting in the formation of several high-altitude gathering areas. Due to the
military and economic attributes of the post road, the traditional villages and military post roads
kept a certain distance from each other. This situation became more obvious after the Ming Dynasty.
Qingshui River, as the main stream of two post roads at a certain distance, has become the most
gathering place of traditional villages. The post roads in the Ming Dynasty brought more people to
move in, which made the ethnic groups richer. GeoDetector detected that the explanatory power of
military construction factors was greater than that of natural site selection factors, and the military
post road in the Ming Dynasty had the largest explanatory power. 3) The Han culture sprouted the
Han settlement, and promoted the basic situation of “large mixed settlements and small settlements”in Southeast Guizhou villages in the Ming Dynasty. 4) The military construction in the Ming Dynasty created the city, traffic and cultural pattern of
Southeast Guizhou from the aspects of physical geography, socio-economic and historical culture, and then determined the distribution pattern development
of villages in Southeast Guizhou.
From the perspective of military construction, this paper considers the distribution characteristics and reasons of traditional villages in Southeast
Guizhou in the Ming Dynasty, and uses GeoDetector to quantify the explanatory power of historical and cultural factors such as military construction, which
is conducive to tracing the origin of traditional villages scientifically, and provides the foundation for further study of micro military settlement layout,
architectural space, and defensive characteristics. This quantitative method does not reveal the interaction of external factors and the autocorrelation of
traditional villages. Therefore, these two parts will be further studied in the future and go deep into the micro field. Finally, based on the development and
utilization of traditional villages, this study is expected to help improve the cultural system of “ancient Miao corridor” in Guizhou, provide a more systematic
reference for the centralized protection and utilization of traditional villages in Guizhou, integrate tourism resources, and build a military historical and
cultural corridor in Guizhou. |
| Key words: southeast Guizhou traditional villages distribution characteristics military construction impact mechanism |
