| 摘要: |
| 研究以提高患者复愈水平为目标，通过
解析环境复愈理论模型和实证研究结果，从排
除负面意向、引入自然要素、创造知觉吸引、降
低认知难度四个角度，分析医疗环境对患者复
愈的影响路径和效果。在此基础上，依据循证
设计方法，从去机构化设计、引入自然景观、提
供互动体验、降低寻路难度四个方面，提出促进
患者身心复愈的医疗环境设计策略，为医院设计
与管理提供参考依据。 |
| 关键词: 医疗建筑 环境复愈理论 循证设计 设计策略 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240510 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（52108017） |
|
| Evidence-based design of healthcare environment based on restorative environment theory |
|
ZHOU Tianfu,WEI Qin,MO Hongzhi
|
| Abstract: |
| For a long time, under the influence of functionalist, healthcare design mainly focuses
on preventing physical injury such as iatrogenic infections and accidental falls of patient, while
relatively ignoring the profound effects of the healthcare environment on the patients’ psychological
factors. This article introduces the restorative environment theory, analyses the impact path of
healthcare environment on patients’ physiological and psychological restorative indicators, and
applies evidence-based design methods to propose restorative healthcare design strategies. The
research is one of the few studies to apply restorative environment theory in healthcare building
design. The research results are expected to provide useful references for healthcare designers and
decision-makers.
This paper analyses the basic concepts, application scenarios and other aspects of restorative
environment theory. Besides, it discusses the rationality and necessity of applying restorative
environment theory in healthcare building research. The study further demonstrates the compatibility
between evidence-based design methods and the objectives of this study, and proposes the overall
study structure and process. The research adopts the method of systematic literature review, using
keyword combinations (such as healthcare, restorative, stress, anxiety and patients) to search for
relevant literature from WoS, PubMed and CNKI databases. After two rounds of screening, 25 highquality
empirical research related to the theme of this article were ultimately obtained.
Based on the framework of restorative environment theory, the research analyzes the impact
of healthcare environments on patient recovery from four perspectives: excluding negative profile,
bringing natural elements, creating attractive stimulus and reducing cognitive load. Specifically,
“excluding negative profile” refers to eliminating the negative image of the hospital by creating a
harmonious environment atmosphere, in which way to reduce the negative impressions of traditional
hospitals; “bringing natural elements” refers to the introduction of landscape into the hospital by
providing natural plants, healing gardens or virtual images; “creating attractive stimulus” refers to
distract patients’ attention from negative things by providing attractive vision and sound; “reducing
cognitive load” refers to reducing the difficulty of processing environmental information to avoid
stress and anxiety caused by cognitive overload.
According to the evidence-based design method, the research proposes the restorative
healthcare design strategies based on existing research findings. The strategies could be classified
into four aspects: de-institutionalized design, bringing natural landscape, providing an interactive
experience and reducing way-finding difficulty. To be specific, “de-institutionalized design”
includes two dimensions: building appearance and functional configuration. For the former one,
comprehensive design elements such as color, material and form should be applied to create
a relaxed, hospitable and comfortable environment atmosphere, dispelling patients’ negative
impressions of traditional hospitals. For the later one, social service such as store, restaurant and
pavilions could be brought into the hospital, weakening the boundary between the hospital and urban
space, and eliminating users’ negative impressions towards the hospital.
“Bringing natural landscape” includes three contents: bringing natural window view, healing
garden and virtual natural elements. In the area with sufficient natural landscape, healthcare
designers could adjust the window shape, controlling the sill height and adjusting the seat layout to
promote the green looking ratio. If there is a lack of natural landscape resources, designers couldintroduce healing gardens inside the hospital, which can not only directly increase the possibility of patients contacting natural elements, but also indirectly
improve the environmental restorative effect by promoting social interaction. In medical places where it is not convenient to introduce plants (such as ICU
and examination room), patients can experience the virtual landscape elements through LED screen, projection and acoustic equipment. Comparing with real
natural landscape, virtual natural vision and sound has the advantages of strong controllability, flexible use and low maintenance costs.
“Providing an interactive experience” is a design strategy in responding to the restorative path of “creating perceptual attraction”. It includes providing
multi-sensory stimuli, artistic works and interactive installations. During the medical treatment process, patients may pay more attention to negative factors
such as their disease due to a lack of sensory stimulus. To figure out the problem, decoration and interactive device could be brought into hospital to create
positive distraction. Besides, large numbers of empirical studies have shown that art works have tremendous healing effects. Displaying suitable art works
may satisfy users’ mental demands such as aesthetics and exploration, in which way to alleviate patients’ negative emotions through soft attraction.
“Reducing way-finding difficulty” is a design strategy to diminish patients’ cognitive difficulty by improving the self-explanation of space. The research
applies the “compatibility” principle of restorative environment theory to fully activate patients’ subliminal perception. Firstly, furniture or art works could
be used as landmarks to improve the spatial identifiability, helping patients build clear cognitive maps. Moreover, decoration factors such as colors and
materials should be sophisticated arranged to imply the potential path and destination of interior environment. In addition, digital coding, graphic language,
situational themes and other design elements should be used in a comprehensive way, helping patients establish a hierarchical system of indoor space,
reducing patients’ psychological stress and hospital operating costs. |
| Key words: healthcare building restorative environment theory evidence-based design design strategy |
