| 摘要: |
| 1950年1月北京市都市计划委员会的
改组，是新中国成立初期首都规划机构一次典
型的改革探索。在广泛查阅相关档案史料的基
础上，对北京市都委会早期机构概况、第一次
改组的背景原因及机构变化调整进行了系统梳
理，在此基础上着重分析改组的成效，进而用
历史的观点评价北京市都委会的第一次改组。
这是首都规划机构改革的一次大胆探索，在城
市规划研究、城市规划管理和建筑设计审查等
方面取得了诸多成绩，有利推动了首都各项建设
活动的顺利开展。 |
| 关键词: 城市规划史 北京 都市计划委员会 首都 规划机构 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240504 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52178028）；国家社会
科学基金重大项目（19ZDA014）；北京建筑大学研究
生创新项目（PG2024018） |
|
| Exploration and evaluation of the reform of capital planning institutions in the early daysof the founding of New China: Centered around the restructuring of the Beijing UrbanPlanning Commission in January 1950 |
|
LI Hao,XUE Mengqi
|
| Abstract: |
| The capital planning work has spanned 75 years, and the planning agency, as the mainstay
of urban planning, have undertaken reform and exploration in line with development requirements
at different stages. Precisely due to the capital’s special status, Beijing faced quite complex
circumstances when conducting urban planning in the early days of New China’s establishment,
and there were numerous puzzles in the study of Beijing’s urban planning history: Why was the first
comprehensive urban planning of Beijing only proposed in 1953? What were the achievements of
research on comprehensive urban planning prior to that? These questions are closely related to the
planning institution at that time, the Beijing Urban Planning Commission (hereinafter referred to as
the “UPC”), and need to be clarified through rigorous historical research.
Established on May 22, 1949, the UPC of Beiping City underwent two significant restructurings
before its dissolution in February 1955: the first restructuring at the end of January 1950 and the
second in July 1953. As for the first restructuring of the UPC, it was an institutional adjustment
organized by Beijing’s government agencies after the founding of New China to adapt to the
needs of the new social system. After the restructuring, significant changes occurred in the UPC’s
institutional nature and functions. While previous research has produced some achievements
regarding the establishment and related work of the UPC, this paper starts with its first restructuring,
analyzing the inducements, process, and changes of the institutional adjustment, and further
evaluating the effectiveness of the UPC’s first restructuring.
Firstly, the early establishment and work of the UPC are sorted out. Initially established as
a deliberative body u nder t he Construction Bureau, t he U PC relied m ainly on t he planning office
of the Construction Bureau for technical personnel. The work carried out during this period could
be divided into two aspects: the investigation of the city’s current status and the planning of the
new urban area in the western suburbs. Secondly, the background and reasons for the UPC’s first
restructuring are summarized. Even before the founding of New China, Liang Sicheng wrote to the
mayor of Beiping City, suggesting that based on the UPC’s planning and management authority, the
large-scale adjustment of the organizational structure of the Beijing Municipal People’s Government
at the end of 1949 and the Soviet experts’ suggestions on the adjustment of institutional functions
provided f avorable o pportunities f or t he U PC’s r estructuring. B esides, t here w ere a lso s trong
motives for restructuring within the UPC. Finally, the UPC’s first restructuring is summarized from
three aspects. After the restructuring, the UPC became a powerful department with both planning
research and administrative approval functions. Leadership changes occurred, and the total number
of committee members increased significantly. The institution’s technical strength was significantly
enhanced, and its subordinate institutions were continuously improved and adjusted.
By analyzing the reasons, background, and changes after the UPC’s first restructuring,
it is believed that the UPC achieved the following results after the institutional adjustment: itimproved organizational structure and clarified job responsibilities, curbing the phenomenon of slow work progress; it conducted exploratory research on
the comprehensive urban planning scheme of the capital, laying the foundation for the first comprehensive plan; it completed the research on a batch of
key regional planning projects, providing a necessary basis for administrative management and urban construction; it improved the UPC’s administrative
management and law enforcement system, initially establishing a planning land approval system; and it continuously strengthened the function of
architectural examination, laying a solid foundation for large-scale construction in the capital.
Judging from the progress of the capital’s planning and construction work from 1950 to 1953, the UPC has made remarkable achievements in many
aspects, and the results of the reform of the planning institutions have been very obvious, which has helped to promote the smooth development of various
construction activities in the capital, and should be fully affirmed and highly appraised. Of course, this restructuring was not flawless, and one of its
shortcomings from the perspective of the development and changes in Beijing’s urban planning undertaking was that it was slow to formulate a relatively
mature urban master plan after the first five-year plan began in 1953. This is because in the early stage of large-scale urban construction in the capital, under
the condition that there is no sufficient experience, a mature model, and a slightly weak technical force, it is by no means easy to scientifically formulate the
overall urban plan of the capital Beijing, and the comprehensiveness and maturity of the work of the UPC are limited to a certain extent, and it is difficult to
avoid the imperfection in the handling of certain problems. We should have a little more understanding and sympathy for this. |
| Key words: urban planning history Beijing urban planning committee capital planning agency |
